Childhood maltreatment and adolescent sexual risk behaviors: Unique,cumulative and interactive effects

Child maltreatment has been associated with sexual risk behaviors. Previous investigators have typically studied only one form of maltreatment, preventing them from exploring interrelations between forms of maltreatment and their impact on sexual risk behaviors. Thus, this study aims to examine the unique, cumulative, and interactive effects of four maltreatment forms (sexual abuse, physical abuse, neglect, and witnessing interparental violence) on sexual risk behaviors. The sample comprised 1940 sexually active adolescents (M_age = 15.6; 60.8% girls) attending Quebec (Canada) high schools. Regression results showed that all maltreatment forms were associated with having a higher number of sexual partners, casual sexual behavior, and a younger age at first consensual intercourse. Physical abuse and witnessing interparental violence were associated with inconsistent condom use, and physical abuse was associated with sexually transmitted infections. After controlling for all forms of maltreatment (unique effects), analyses showed that sexual abuse, physical abuse, neglect or witnessing interparental violence remained statistically associated depending on the sexual risk behavior. A greater number of forms of maltreatment was associated with more sexual risk behaviors (cumulative effect). When sexual abuse was not experienced, neglect was associated with a higher number of sexual partners (interactive effects). In general, associations between maltreatment and sexual risk behaviors were similar for both genders. The magnitude of the relationship between a specific form of child maltreatment and sexual risk behaviors may be inaccurately estimated when not controlling for other forms of maltreatment.     

The relationship between time spent living with kin and adolescent functioning in youth with a history of out-of-home placement

Objective

Many children in the US who are court-ordered to live in out-of-home care are placed with kinship caregivers. Few studies have examined the impact of living with kin on child well-being. This study examined the relationship between length of time living with kin and indices of adolescent well-being in a cohort of children who were initially court-ordered into out-of-home care.

Methods

Prospective cohort design with 148 youth, ages 7-12, who entered out-of-home care between May, 1990, and October, 1991. Seventy-five percent of those interviewed at T1 (6 months following placement) were interviewed at T2 (5 years later).

Results

Bivariate analyses did not demonstrate significant relationships between length of time living with kin and the outcome variables. In multivariate analyses, longer length of time living with kin was related to: (1) greater involvement in risk behaviors including: delinquency (β = .22, p < .05), sexual risk behaviors (β = .31, p < .05), substance use (β = .26, p < .05), and total risk behaviors (β = .27, p < .05), and (2) poorer life-course outcomes including: Tickets/Arrests (OR = 1.4, p < .05) and lower grades (β = −.24, p < .05). Time living with kin was not related to total competence, or self-destructive, internalizing, externalizing, or total behavior problems. There were trends (p < .10) for time living with kin to predict greater trauma symptomatology (β = .17) and suspensions (OR = 1.1).

Conclusions

There were no significant bivariate findings. The multivariate findings suggested a pattern of poorer functioning for youth who spent more time living with kin. No differences were found in current symptomatology.

Practice implications

Although findings from a single study should not dictate changes in practice or policy, the current study's findings do suggest that the field needs to conduct more methodologically sophisticated research on the impact of kinship care.     

论本土化案例资源在《组织行为学》教学中的有效运用

组织行为学是西方管理环境下形成的管理理论,教学中应该运用本土化案例资源进行理论解释、检验和创新。本土化案例资源可以分成五大类,在教学中根据教学目的进行选择运用。选择本土化案例资源时,必须注意与理论的巧妙结合、教学过程的控制和学生的兴趣和偏好。教学中注意本土化案例资源的灵活运用,也要注意营造适当的课堂教学氛围。     

大学生网络行为分析及德育网络阵地的建设

网络是重要的舆论阵地,也是高校德育工作的主阵地,网络对大学生的学业、成长起着积极的促进作用,但负面影响不容忽视。以大学生网络行为调查问卷为依据,分析加强思想政治教育网络阵地的建设的重要性和对策。     

Analysis of Ultra Linguistic Factors in Interpretation

The quality of interpretation is a dynamic conception, involving a good deal of variables, such as the participants, the situations, working conditions, cultures etc.. Therefore, in interpretation, tho...     

华人企业的家长式领导对创新行为的作用路径研究

如何提高员工在工作场所的创新行为,是知识经济时代中国企业管理者面临的一个重要问题,以往研究很少关注华人企业组织中的家长式领导风格对创新行为的影响机制。本文基于对中国企业员工的实地调查,研究结论发现家长式威权领导对创新行为具有负向影响,而家长式仁慈领导对创新行为具有正向影响。此外,家长式领导还会通过创新自我效能感间接影响创新行为,中国传统性在家长式领导与创新行为之间具有调节作用。     

竞争激励法矫正高职生课堂行为的探索

高职院校的课堂问题行为具有普遍性,严重干扰教学活动、影响教学效果。依靠批评教育矫正课堂问题行为难以取得良好效果,而采用以竞争性做题活动为核心的竞争激励法,可有效地减少课堂问题行为的发生,明显提高教学效果。     

犯罪学视角的腐败行为分析

腐败一直以来是人们所痛恶的社会现象,是我国社会发展、实现现代化的最大障碍。整治腐败是我国政府长年来的首要任务,在长时间的反腐工作中积累了丰富的经验,实践了有效的对策。作者通过对国外腐败犯罪学的研究,从犯罪学视角分析了我国的腐败行为特征,也提出了相应的惩治腐败的对策。     

Impact of knowledge incentive mechanisms on individual knowledge creation behavior—An empirical study for Taiwanese R&D professionals

Knowledge incentive mechanisms are a new development in the management of knowledge. The most prevalent perspective presented in the available literature is that the knowledge incentive mechanisms must have the ability to manage the flow of business knowledge. This study explores the relationship among knowledge incentive mechanisms, knowledge psychological ownership, and individual knowledge creation behavior. This study uses structural equation modeling to test a sample of R&D professionals from high-tech companies in Taiwan. Data analysis suggests that knowledge incentive mechanisms promote the psychological ownership by the knowledge owner so that he or she actively carries out knowledge innovation. This implies that knowledge incentive mechanisms stress private proprietary characteristics employees who possess real ownership when they innovate will deem such innovation as an extension of self, giving rise to a protective or defensive mindset, which then has an impact on individual knowledge creation behaviors because of the psychological ownership of knowledge.     

网络热点对大学生思想行为影响

负面消息更容易引起大学生的关注,网络热点的传播给大学生思想行为造成深远的影响,同时增加了社会的不稳定性,给新时期我国大学生思想政治教育带来了巨大的挑战,引起了党和政府的高度重视。为此对网络热点界定、形成原因及其对大学生造成的影响进行了探讨,并在此基础上提出应对网络热点给大学生造成的负面影响的对策。