Linkage between teen mother’s childhood adversity and externalizing behaviors in their children at age 11: Three aspects of parenting

Background: Experiences of childhood adversity are consistently associated with compromised behavioral health later in life. Less clear is the intergenerational influence of maternal childhood adversity on developmental outcome in children. Completely unknown are the mechanisms linking teen mother’s childhood adversity to child developmental outcomes.Objective: The present study tested whether aspects of parenting (parenting stress, physical discipline, and disagreement with grandparents) served as the pathways between teen mother’s childhood adversity and the externalizing behaviors of their offspring at age 11, by gender.Participants and setting: Data were from a longitudinal panel study of teen mothers and their children, the Young Women and Child Development Study (N = 495; 57% male).Methods: The pathways from teen mother’s childhood adversity to their offspring’s externalizing behavior were tested by two subscales: rule-breaking behavior and aggressive behavior. In addition, multiple-group analysis was examined for potential gender differences.Results: Teen mother’s childhood adversity was positively associated with greater use of parenting stress (β = 0.16, p < .01) and physical discipline (β=0.11, p < .05). In addition, parenting stress, physical discipline, and disagreement with grandparent were all associated with increased rule-breaking and aggressive behaviors in children. Multiple group analysis revealed that the path between physical discipline and externalizing behavior differed by gender, with the path only significant for girls.Conclusions: These findings have implications for early intervention efforts that emphasize the need to intervene with children and parents, particularly helping teen mothers gain knowledge and skills to offset the impact of their experiences of childhood adversity on their parenting behaviors.     

Trajectories of psychological dating violence perpetration in adolescence

BackgroundMore than one adolescent out of three will use psychological dating violence (DV) as a strategy to resolve conflict in romantic relationships, which will have major consequences on their partner’s well-being. However, over time, most adolescents will learn skills to better interact and face conflicts, suggesting that psychological DV rates should decrease over time. Yet, because of individual characteristics and experiences, evolution over time may differ across adolescents. Risk factors for psychological DV have not been examined specifically, even though it is the most common form of dating violence.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore latent trajectories of psychological DV perpetration and examine risk factors predicting trajectory group membership.Participants and methodsA sub-sample of 449 adolescents who reported being in a dating relationship for the three waves of the Youths’ Romantic Relationships (YRR) Survey completed printed and online self-report questionnaires.ResultsResults from the group-based modeling identified 4 trajectories of psychological DV perpetration: absence of violence (30.7%), low violence (61.3%), high descending (4.2%), and moderate elevating (3.8%). Age, DV victimization, exposure to father toward mother violence, low self-esteem, marijuana use, DV victimization of peers, and antisocial behaviors of peers predicted trajectory membership. The model explained 36.7% of the variance.ConclusionsThese results support the need for a person-oriented approach to study psychological DV and for developing prevention programs adapted to the specific characteristics of vulnerable youth.     

对苯二酚在玻碳电极上的电化学行为及其动力学研究

研究了对苯二酚（HQ）在玻碳电极上于磷酸盐缓冲液（PBS）中的电化学行为及其电化学动力学性质。结果表明：HQ在该电极上有一对可逆的氧化还原峰,峰电流与扫描速度的平方根（v1/2）呈良好的线性关系。这说明HQ在该电极上的伏安行为是一受扩散控制的可逆电化学过程。在pH为6.08的PBS缓冲液中氧化峰电流与HQ的浓度在5.0×10^-6-2.5×10^-5 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,Ipa（μA）=-1.444-0.077 8 c（μmol/L）,相关系数r=0.996 5,检测限为4.75×10^-6 mol/L。同时利用电化学方法确定了该电极反应过程是双电子转移,并测得传递系数α为0.626,扩散系数D为7.4×10-7 cm^2/s,电极反应速率常数kf为6.8×10^-4 cm/s。     

浅谈教师在政治课堂中影响教学效果的几种不良习惯

课堂教学有效性问题的探讨仍在持续。许多专家、教师从不同的角度进行了研究探讨。本文着重从教师自身的角度进行反思和总结,以期对课堂教学有效性的探讨有所启发。     

Development and Initial Validation of the Computerized Evaluation Protocol of Interactions in Physical Education

The purpose of this study was to delineate the development of the Computerized Evaluation Protocol of Interactions in Physical Education, a data collection program for multiple interaction behavior measures in elementary inclusive physical education settings. The theoretical and empirical base for the Computerized Evaluation Protocol of Interactions in Physical Education is described in a three-phase study presenting (1) development of 25 multi-component interaction behavior items from presented literature, (2) content related evidence of validity evaluated by international adapted physical education experts, and (3) strong evidence of convergent validity of the Computerized Evaluation Protocol of Interactions in Physical Education. Overall, the outcomes of multiple studies indicated that the Computerized Evaluation Protocol of Interactions in Physical Education demonstrates promise for the adapted physical education research and assessment by documenting interaction behaviors in elementary physical education environments.     

学习分析:正在浮现中的数据技术

随着教育信息化的普及与逐渐深入,学习管理系统已经获取并存储了大量的有关学生复杂学习行为的数据,从这些数据中挖掘出改进教学系统、提升学习效果的信息,在教育信息化领域一直有着巨大的吸引力。因此,有必要从分析数据以改进学习的角度,对日益受到关注的学习分析技术进行解读。首先,学习分析技术是测量、收集、分析和报告有关学生的学习行为以及学习环境的数据,用以理解和优化学习及其产生的环境的技术。接着,综述学习分析技术的发展,指出其在教育中有着广泛的应用前景和巨大的发展潜力:学习分析技术可作为教师教学决策、优化教学的有效支持工具,也可为学生的自我导向学习、学习危机预警和自我评估提供有效数据支持,还可为教育研究者的个性化学习设计和增进研究效益提供数据参考。最后,提出学习分析技术也存在隐私、准确性和兼容性等诸多挑战和问题。     

高校优质思政课教师课堂教学行为案例研究及启示

思想政治理论课是落实高校立德树人根本任务的主渠道和主阵地。然而,高校思政课质量良莠不齐,灌输式或教条式教学会影响思政教育的实效性。为探索受学生欢迎的优质思政课特征,选取1门优质思政课——Z大学Z教师讲授的《中国近现代史纲要(H)》作为研究对象,通过视频分析对该课程7次核心讲授课21个课时的内容进行教师课堂教学行为分析。研究发现,Z教师课堂教学行为中呈现出教师有扎实的理论内涵、生动的语言表达、深切的家国情怀和广阔的学术视野等特点。基于案例分析,研究提出建设高校思政课的几点启示,即语言表达要接地气、讲授过程要重参与、教学内容要有干货、教师素养要有积淀。     

民国时期儿童问题行为研究

儿童问题行为是民国时期科学心理学研究的重要领域,心理学者开展了大量开创性与奠基性的工作,取得丰硕的研究成果。其研究内容主要包括儿童问题行为的根源探究、儿童问题行为的干预研究、训育与儿童问题行为的研究等方面,并呈现出鲜明的本土性、应用性与系统性的研究特征。其中所体现的关爱儿童成长、注重多元协同、扎根中国本土等研究理念与人文精神,时至今日依然具有重要的启示作用。     

面向价值共创的数字人文类开放数据竞赛行动者协作行为研究

[目的/意义]开放数据竞赛的社会价值由主办和协办机构、参赛个人或团队、数据提供方以及评审团队等诸多行动者共同推动,行动者间的协作水平和效率将直接影响开放数据竞赛的运行。文章对数字人文类开放数据竞赛行动者协作行为进行研究,为竞赛设计提供参考。[方法/过程]基于价值共创的理论视角,选取上海图书馆开放数据竞赛进行案例研究,结合日志法和访谈法,分析开放数据竞赛中各类行动者的协作行为。[结果/结论]数字人文类开放数据竞赛是由不同行动者之间协作共同实现价值共创的过程。行动者间存在较为显著的竞合关系,价值共创的效果与行动者间的竞合水平息息相关。行动者通过协作创造的价值包括期望价值、新兴价值、承认价值三种。