Neoliberalism,imperialism and conservatism: tangled logics of educational inequality in the global South

ABSTRACT

Accounts of neoliberalism in education frequently evoke a universal trend, with insufficient attention to context, as well as routinely presenting the ‘pre-neoliberal’ as the ideal. This paper argues that studies of neoliberalism, concentrated in the global North, frequently ignore the distinctive forms and histories of neoliberalism in the global South, as well as its connections to other logics of power, which are illustrated using examples of schooling in Brazil. The differing weight of neoliberal politics and policies across geopolitical boundaries suggests caution in casting neoliberalism as a unique institutional setting for contemporary educational inequalities or attributing all educational conservatism to neoliberalism. A conceptual contribution is provided by proposing a multi-scalar approach to educational inequalities, in which educational sites, events and practices are considered in terms of nexus.     

日据大连时期的奴化教育实质

日据大连40年，从教育方针到教育行政机构，从校规校纪到课程设置，从教师培训到教师配备，从教材编写到教研会活动，均以“奴化”二字为中心。其实质就是毒化大连人民的精神，使之丧失民族自尊，当“天皇”的“顺民”，以达到长期奴役大连人民，乃至全中国人民的目的。     

关于近代中国社会性质的几个认识问题

近代中国半殖民地半封建社会有一个演变和形成的过程，这一过程就是外国帝国主义和本国封建主义相结合的过程。正确认识近代中国社会的性质，对于正确制定革命党人的战略和策略，正确认识和处理民族革命和民主革命两大任务之间的关系，正确领导中国资产阶级民主革命具有重大意义。     

腐败:清王朝走向灭亡的根本原因

清王朝的腐败及其危害表现在政治、军事、经济、文化、对外关系等方面,这表明其统治肌体由内到外显现全面的衰败,最终决定了其灭亡的历史必然。     

正确认识"五四"运动反帝反封建的彻底性

正确而全面地认识五四运动反帝反封建的"彻底性",对科学地评价五四运动的历史意义和继续五四运动未能完成的反封建的历史任务有着极为重要的作用.     

Mexican American Student Resistance: From Spontaneity to Organization

Having challenged student resistance scholarship for glorifying forms of resistance that tend to be self-destructive to students, the field has shifted to supporting and advancing more transformational forms of resistance, such as organizing campaigns for social justice issues. While this is a welcome advance, the conception of transformative employed by researchers tends to be limited to reformist agendas. Situating student resistance in a historical context through a re-reading of Marx and Lenin offers a deeper framework for understanding and organizing student resistance. Making these points, I draw on the Mexican American historical and contemporary context for illustrations.     

从不列颠帝国到英语帝国——英语帝国主义的特征

英语帝国主义就是英语的统治地位。这种统治地位的形成与保持建立在英语对其他语言所不断产生的结构和文化的不平等的基础之上。英语帝国主义的特征就是统治和不平等。     

Global English, Hegemony and Education: Lessons from Gramsci

Antonio Gramsci and his concept of hegemony are often invoked in current debates concerning cultural imperialism, globalisation and global English. However, these debates are rarely cognizant of Gramsci's own university training in linguistics, the centrality of language to his writings on education and hegemony, or his specific engagement with language politics in his own day. By paying much greater attention to Gramsci's writings on language and education, this article attempts to lay the groundwork for an adequate approach to the current politics of global English.
While Gramsci may have left formal education and his studies in linguistics at Turin University as a young man to become a full time journalist and political activist, he certainly did not 'jettison' his study of language as is commonly implied. It has been widely accepted that Gramsci had an expansive conception of education which would curtail any suggestion that 'education' must be limited to formal schooling or university. Likewise, this article demonstrates the importance of Gramsci's lifelong analysis of language, its role in education and the development of hegemony. It argues that Gramsci's writings on language policy in Italy, specifically la questione della lingua [the language question] and his concern with linguistics, are an integral part of his approach to education and hegemony.     

Globalization in Developing Countries

Globalization, like all important concepts, currently has many meanings and connotations. To most de- veloping contries, cultural imperialism has become the most important problem in their process of participating in glo- balization. In this article, issues in China will be analyzed in order to find the benefits and costs of the globalized media in developing countries. Culture imperialism and Americanization will be deeply concepted and argued by some strong statistics and examples. In addition, some valuable comments will be mentioned not only for China but also for most other developing contries.     

‘For good,God, and the Empire’: French Franciscan sisters in Ethiopia 1896−1937

In 1897, four French Franciscan sisters arrived in Ethiopia, having been summoned there by the Capuchin missionaries. In 1925, they ran an orphanage, a dispensary, a leper colony and 10 schools with 350 girl students. The students were freed slaves, orphans and upper-class Ethiopian and European girls. After providing a brief background to the relations between the Ethiopian government and the missionaries, this article describes the general activities of the Sisters, the importance they dedicated to education, and their religious and political motives. In the second part, it analyses the sociological backgrounds of the female students and the way in which education intersected with gender, class and race. Third, it reconstructs the multiple power relations within which the Sisters’ educational work was embedded. Finally, it demonstrates how schooling girls in a class-based manner – in conformity with the Franciscan Sisters’ perceptions about what lower-class and upper-class women should be – enabled them to secure relations with Ethiopian political elites. These relations both benefited the Ethiopian elites and furthered the cause of French imperialism.