Adverse experiences in early childhood and their longitudinal impact on later behavioral problems of children living in poverty

BackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are an identified risk factor for the social and emotional development of children. What is less known is the long-term effects of ACEs when poverty and ACEs coincide.ObjectiveUsing longitudinal cohort-panel data, we examined whether exposure to ACEs by the age of three among poor children would longitudinally result in behavioral problems at ages three, five, nine, and 15, after controlling for mothers’ socioeconomic status and their children’s characteristics.Participants and settingWe used a subsample of 2750 children and their parents living in urban poverty from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study.MethodsLogistic regression modeling was used to obtain adjusted odds ratios of ACE categories predicting behavioral problems after accounting for family socioeconomic position.ResultsOur findings indicate that experiencing ACEs in early childhood was significantly associated with later behavioral outcomes from childhood to adolescence. Exposure to multiple ACEs before the age of three was significantly associated with the top-risk behavior group at age five; the odd ratios were 2.0 (CI = 1.3–3.1) and 2.9 (CI = 1.8–4.6) for two ACEs and three or more ACEs, respectively. At both ages nine and 15, children experiencing two or more ACEs had 1.9 to 3.2 times higher odds to demonstrate more the top 10th percentile of behavioral problems. Among covariates, mothers’ race and education, and children’s gender and temperament were identified as significant factors to determine behavior problems.ConclusionsThe findings support policies and programs for families with children who have experienced economic disadvantages and early childhood adversity.     

高校贫困生的社会支持网络：现状与对策

在解决高校贫困生问题的过程中，党和政府、学校、社会、贫困生的家庭等已经作出诸多努力，初步形成了高校贫困生的社会支持网络。社会支持网络在解决贫困生的经济和情感问题方面发挥着重要的作用，但还存在支持力度不足、忽视负功能、网络之间缺乏联系等问题。为了科学有效地解决贫困生的问题，充分发挥社会网络的支持作用。必须构建新的主体多元化、内容系统化、机构专门化、方法专业化的高校贫困的社会支持网络，在构建新网络的过程中，要坚持继承和发展的态度，采取维持、强化、放弃、改革、创新等科学的方法和手段。     

加强和改进高校贫困大学生思想政治教育的对策

高校贫困大学生思想政治教育的重要性已得到教育界的高度重视。针对当前高校贫困大学生这一弱势群体的特点,及其在思想和心理方面存在的主要问题,进行了深刻的理论思考和实践的分析总结,并在此基础上,进一步提出了加强和改进高校贫困大学生思想政治教育的对策。     

贫困地区体育发展的制约因素及对策

通过对贫困地区体育发展制约因素的分析,提出了深化贫困地区体育改革、克服制约因素的基本途径与对策     

可以破解的难题:高校贫困生受教育权的维护

如何维护高校贫困生的受教育权已成为高等教育举办者、管理者和社会各界共同关注的问题,高校应准确把握贫困生问题解决过程中的难点和重点,将助学贷款作为解决贫困生学费问题的主渠道,加大设立贫困学生综合奖学金、单项奖学金的力度;政府应从政策上鼓励企业和个人在学校设立奖学金和各类基金,鼓励优秀的贫困生报考师范院校,并建立健全诚信机制,以此维护教育公平、促进社会和谐.     

The Centre for Studies in Science Education at the University of Leeds

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of aesthetic science activities on improving elementary school at-risk families’ children's positive thinking, attitudes toward science, and decreasing their anxiety about learning science. Thirty-six 4th-grade children from at-risk families volunteered to participate in a 12-week intervention and formed the experimental group; another 97 typical 4th graders were randomly selected to participant in the assessment and were used as the comparison group. The treatment for experimental group children emphasized scaffolding aesthetic science activities and inquiry strategies. The Elementary School Student Questionnaire was administered to assess all children's positive thinking, attitudes toward science, and anxiety about learning science. In addition, nine target children from the experimental group with the lowest scores on either positive thinking, or attitudes toward science, or with the highest scores on anxiety about learning science in the pre-test were recruited to be interviewed at the end of the intervention and observed weekly. Confirmatory factor analyses, analyses of covariance, and content theme analysis assessed the similarities and differences between groups. It was found that the at-risk families’ children were motivated by the treatment and made significant progress on positive thinking and attitudes toward science, and also decreased their anxiety about learning science. The findings from interviews and classroom observations also revealed that the intervention made differences in children's affective perceptions of learning science. Implication and research recommendation are discussed.     

四川贫困地区中学体育现状与对策研究

抽样调查结果表明：贫困地区体育经费投入普遍偏低,体育场地、器材严重不足,体育教学活动难以全面开展,根据贫困地区的特点,提出改善贫困地区中学体育现状的对策     

实现四个结合提高勤工助学工作水平

勤工助学工作是高校帮助贫困大学生解决经济困难的有效途径,但是,在具体实施过程中,出现了某些背离活动本意的情况。本文具体论述了如何结合学校教育、学生发展、完成学业、就业竞争等因素提高勤工助学的工作水平。     

一类半线性积分方程的Stepanov型μ-伪概自守解

通过运用Stepanov型μ-伪概自守函数的概念,研究半线性积分方程在Banach空间中关于有界解的一些新的存在性结果。首先建立了这类函数的新的组合定理,并且通过这类函数的遍历性和组合定理,结合积分预解族的定义和性质,利用不动点定理和压缩原理得到半线性积分方程的μ-伪概自守解的存在唯一结果的主要结论。     

流动儿童学前教育选择:家庭社会经济背景及迁移状况的影响

流动人口子女入园难问题较为突出。本研究从家庭社会经济背景及迁移状况的视角探讨适龄流动儿童接受学前教育的选择问题。使用CFPS(2010)数据,本研究用Logit模型,估计了不同特征的流动儿童家庭为其子女选择接受学前教育的发生概率。研究发现,农业户籍、跨省迁移的家庭随迁子女入园机会更低;有教育储蓄的家庭,其随迁子女入园机会更高;而父母高学历、与子女同住等因素也会在一定程度上提高流动儿童的入园机会。户籍仍是制约流动儿童入园的关键因素。我们据此明示了相应的政策启示。