Emergent innovation systems and the delivery of clinical services: The case of intra-ocular lenses

This paper is an exploration of the dynamics of technical change in medicine. We argue that innovation in medicine is a process that is distributed across time, space and epistemic and institutional domains; that it entails the entrepreneurial effort of creative individuals as well as the emergence of correlated understanding among heterogeneous agents whose rules of interaction are contingently instituted in socio-economic systems along unfolding scientific and technological trajectories. We illustrate our arguments through an in-depth analysis of a major ophthalmologic innovation - the intra-ocular lens - that has literally transformed the treatment of cataract in the developed world and has the potential to do so in many developing countries. We investigate the advancement of clinical knowledge about the disease, the development of effective technological capabilities and the co-evolution of the supply capacity and demand of a micro-innovation system emerged along a specific sequence of interrelated problems, and associated solutions, which engaged scientists, technicians, practitioners, regulators and patients alike over a period of around three decades.     

从公共场所“播放”体育赛事看我国著作权法的完善

文章从体育赛事转播权的界定入手,分析了广播电视组织者权中转播权、录制权和复制权三项基本权能的差异,在借鉴欧盟、国际条约、国际足联及德国有关"转播权"立法的基础上,提出了广播组织者对于在商业性公共场所公开广播节目内容的行为享有排他权的立法建议。     

新合同法对不安抗辩权的完善

新合同法对不安抗辩权的规定,在包括行使不安抗辩权的主体、事由、效力和后果等五方面。将它与大陆法系和我国原有合同法中的相关规定比较,不难看出,有诸多完善和改进,具有重要的理论和实践意义。     

简论我国经济立法的完善

立法是健全社会主义法制的前提,经济立法是对和行政权力的否定。１９７８年以来我国经济立法取得了长足的进步,有力地促进了经济的发展。今天,我们强调依法治国。必须注意处理好政府管理与依经济法律办事的关系。     

卓越工程师企业实践的培养模式探析

材料成型及控制工程专业卓越工程师培养计划是培养一批在本专业具有扎实基础理论和专业知识应用能力,工程素养和实践能力强的工程技术人才。因此,企业工程实践成为人才培养的一个重要环节,以本专业在共享集团的企业实践为例,对企业实践过程企业的管理、学习态度、评价机制等问题进行分析并对相关问题提出了改进措施。     

武钢冷轧厂五机架工作辊断裂原因分析及改进措施

武钢冷轧厂五机架H112号工作辊在使用中发生粉碎性断裂，断为12片碎块，如此严重的断辊是开工以来从过的，本文对此作出失效分析，包括化学成分，金相组织，微观断口和夹杂物等内容，并提出改进措施。     

苏南高校教师生活习惯调查及改善措施研究

在苏南高校教师中采取了随机多样的问卷调查,针对睡眠、抽烟、饮酒、对健康的相关认识、对工作生活满意度的认识五个方面展开了调查,共收回有效问卷890份。调查了睡眠、抽烟、饮酒三大生活习惯的现状,结合教师自身对健康的相关认识,参照对工作生活满意度的认识这一心理杠杆调查结果,综合评价了苏南高校教师的生活习惯状况。     

电大英语阅读教学问题分析

本文通过对电大英语阅读教学现状进行分析与研究,论证了改进阅读教学的必要性和重要性,并提出了相应的改进措施。     

THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SCHOOL INSPECTIONS, SCHOOL CHARACTERISTICS AND SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT

ABSTRACT:  The effects of school inspections on school improvement have been investigated only to a limited degree. The investigation reported on in this article is meant to expand our knowledge base regarding the impact of school inspections on school improvement. The theoretical framework for this research is partly based on the policy theory behind the Dutch Educational School Supervision Act (the latter includes assumptions about how school inspections lead to school improvement). Interviews and a survey with school inspectors gave insight into how school inspectors implement the Supervision Act and how they assess schools, and stimulate schools to improve. The results of ten case studies showed that all schools started to improve after a school visit. The innovation capacity of the school and the school environment do not seem to contribute to school improvement after school inspections. No effects were found on school-improvement processes of the number of insufficient scores that schools received from inspectors, the extent of feedback and suggestions for improvement, and the number of agreements. The provision of feedback about weaknesses, the assessment of these weak points as unsatisfactory, and the agreements between an inspector and the school regarding improvement activities do appear to make a difference in promoting school improvement.