满族传统体育项目“珍珠球”的传承与发展

满族“珍珠球”运动是满族重要的传统体育项目,是满族重要的体育文化遗存,它动作优美,具有较高文化价值和健身价值。文章对满族“珍珠球”运动的传承和发展进行了深刻的分析,剖析了制约满族“珍珠球”运动传承与发展的因素,并提出解决问题的方法,为满族“珍珠球”运动的传承与发展提供了思路。     

南非世界杯决赛阶段球队失球区域与防守失误特征的分析研究

对第十九届南非世界杯决赛阶段32支球队145个失球区域、防守失误特征进行系统的分析与研究,旨在揭示该届世界杯足球赛各队失球的一般规律与特点,对足球运动的的科学训练、提高比赛的防守质量与效率提供一些理论参考与建议。     

柔力球运动在高校公共体育教学中效用的实证研究

运用文献法、访谈法、问卷调查法、数理统计法,对柔力球在高校公共体育课教学中效用进行了实证研究,目的在于将柔力球引入高校体育课堂促进此项目的开展,也为促进大学生的身心健康以及培养创造性思维服务.研究结果表明,柔力球练习完全符合高校学生身心发展规律,也符合学校体育“健康第一”的指导思想,通过长期系统的柔力球练习可使学生的身体机能与身体素质得到显著提高,有良好的训练效果和健身价值,值得在所有大学生中推广.可以作为高校公共体育的选修课开设,也可作为一项学校体育比赛项目.     

The effect of ball carrying method on sprint speed in rugby union football players

Different methods of ball carrying can be used when a player runs with the ball in rugby union. We examined how three methods of ball carrying influenced sprinting speed: using both hands, under the left arm and under the right arm. These methods were compared with running without the ball. Our aim was to determine which method of ball carrying optimizes sprinting speed. Altogether, 48 rugby union players (age 21±2 years, height 1.83±0.1?m, body mass 85.3±12?kg, body fat 14?±?5%; mean±s) were recruited. The players performed twelve 30-m sprints in total (each player performed three trials under each of three methods of carrying the ball and sprinting without the ball). The design of the study was a form of Latin rectangle, balanced across the trial order for each of the methods and for pairwise combinations of the methods in blocks of four per trial. Each sprint consisted of a 10-m rolling start, followed by a 20-m timed section using electronic timing gates. Compared with sprinting 20?m without the ball (2.58±0.16?s), using both hands (2.62±0.16?s) led to a significantly slower time (P?<0.05). Sprinting 20?m with the ball under the left arm (2.61±0.15?s) or under the right arm (2.60± 0.17?s) was significantly quicker than when using ‘both hands’ (P?<0.05), and both these methods were significantly slower than when running without the ball (P?<0.05). Accordingly, running with the ball in both hands led to the greatest decrement in sprinting performance, although carrying the ball under one arm also reduced the players' sprinting ability. Our results indicate that to gain a speed advantage players should carry the ball under one arm.     

Impact phase kinematics of instep kicking in soccer

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to capture the lower limb kinematics before during and after ball impact of soccer kicking by examining the influence of both sampling rate and smoothing procedures. Nine male soccer players performed maximal instep kicks and the three-dimensional leg movements were captured at 1000 Hz. Angular and linear velocities and accelerations were determined using four different processing approaches: processed using a modified version of a time-frequency filtering algorithm (WGN), smoothed by a second-order low-pass Butterworth filter at 200 Hz cut-off (BWF), re-sampled at 250 Hz without smoothing (RSR) and re-sampled at 250 Hz but filtered by the same Butterworth filter at 10 Hz cut-off (RSF). The WGN approach appeared to establish representative kinematics, whereas the other procedures failed to remove noisy oscillation from the baseline of signal (BWF), lost the peaks of rapid changes (RSR) or produced totally distorted movement patterns (RSF). The results indicate that the procedures used by some previous studies may have been insufficient to adequately capture the lower limb motion near ball impact. We propose a new time-frequency filtering technique as a better way to smooth data whose frequency content varies dramatically.     

Determinants of possession of the ball in soccer

Abstract

In research on the importance of the possession of the ball in soccer, little attention has been paid to its determinants. Using data from 170 matches of the 2003 – 2004 Spanish Soccer League, we explain why differences in the possession of the ball among teams are so great. In particular, four variables are examined: evolving match status (i.e. whether the team is winning, losing or drawing), venue (i.e. playing at home or away), and the identities of the team and the opponent in each match. Results of linear regression analysis show that these four variables are statistically significant and together explain most of the variance in possession. In short, home teams have more possession than away teams, teams have more possession when they are losing matches than when winning or drawing, and the identity of the opponent matters – the worse the opponent, the greater the possession of the ball. Combinations of these variables could be used to develop a model that predicts possession in soccer.     

Interpersonal dynamics and relative positioning to scoring target of performers in 1 vs. 1 sub-phases of team sports

Abstract

In this study, we examined the effects of relative positioning of attacker–defender dyads to the basket on interpersonal coordination tendencies in basketball. To achieve this aim, four right-hand dominant basketball players performed in a 1 vs. 1 sub-phase, at nine different playing locations relative to the basket (from 0° to 180°, in 20° increments). Performers’ movement displacement trajectories were video-recorded and digitized in 162 trials. Results showed that interpersonal coordination tendencies changed according to the scaling of the relative position of performers to the basket.

Stable in-phase modes of coordination were observed between performers’ longitudinal and lateral displacements (50.47% and 43.02%) on the left side of the court. On the right side of the court, a shift in the dominant mode of coordination was observed to a defender lead-lag of ?30°, both for longitudinal and lateral displacements (30.51% and 32.65%). These results suggest how information about dribbler hand dominance and relative position to the basket may have constrained attacker–defender coordination tendencies in 1 vs. 1 sub-phases of basketball.     

Effects of season period,team quality,and playing time on basketball players' game-related statistics

Abstract

The aim of this study was to identify within-season differences in basketball players' game-related statistics according to team quality and playing time. The sample comprised 5309 records from 198 players in the Spanish professional basketball league (2007–2008). Factor analysis with principal components was applied to the game-related statistics gathered from the official box-scores, which limited the analysis to five factors (free-throws, 2-point field-goals, 3-point field-goals, passes, and errors) and two variables (defensive and offensive rebounds). A two-step cluster analysis classified the teams as stronger (69±8 winning percentage), intermediate (43±5 winning percentage), and weaker teams (32±5 winning percentage); individual players were classified based on playing time as important players (28±4 min) or less important players (16±4 min). Seasonal variation was analysed monthly in eight periods. A mixed linear model was applied to identify the effects of team quality and playing time within the months of the season on the previously identified factors and game-related statistics. No significant effect of season period was observed. A team quality effect was identified, with stronger teams being superior in terms of 2-point field-goals and passes. The weaker teams were the worst at defensive rebounding (stronger teams: 0.17±0.05; intermediate teams: 0.17±0.06; weaker teams: 0.15±0.03; P=0.001). While playing time was significant in almost all variables, errors were the most important factor when contrasting important and less important players, with fewer errors being made by important players. The trends identified can help coaches and players to create performance profiles according to team quality and playing time. However, these performance profiles appear to be independent of season period.     

游泳运动员水感强化训练实验研究

对福建省游泳队10名游泳集训运动员进糟水威强化训练,为期4周。将实验前后的50米自由泳成绩进行统计分析,发现实验后的成绩明显优于实验前的成绩。将数据结果与实验干扰因素综合分析后扒为,水感强化训练对提高游泳运动员的成绩有显著作用。     

注意焦点的追加反馈对模拟足球接球任务反应时影响的实验研究

研究的目的是调查在模拟足球接球任务中不同注意焦点的追加反馈对受试者手指按键动作反应时快慢的影响。80名大学生参与者被随机分成4个组：外部注意焦点-描述性反馈（组1）、外部注意焦点-处方性反馈（组2）、内部注意焦点-描述性反馈（组3）和内部注意焦点-处方性反馈（组4）。在技能获得阶段,所有受试者都进行了7个模块的任务练习,并且48h后进行保持测试。在技能获得阶段,按33%的反馈频率向受试者提供了追加反馈,而在保持测试阶段没有追加反馈。结果显示：在技能获得和保持测试阶段,注意焦点类型和追加反馈方式对受试者的手指按键反应时都呈现出了非常显著性的差异。与内部注意焦点相比,外部注意焦点更利于产生更快的反应时;与描述性反馈相比,处方性反馈对于降低反应时的优势更大。结论：在技能获得和保持测试阶段,外部注意焦点和处方性反馈更有利于大学生初学者开放性认知技能的学习和表现。