苏轼和陶诗浅论

大量和陶是中国文学史上的特殊现象。苏轼和陶,一是为了“陶写伊郁”,二是喜欢陶诗,三是崇尚陶渊明的为人。但是,苏轼学陶而不囿于陶,他的和陶诗凸显了一个经过了精神历险之人不屈、旷达的性格特点和自然平淡的诗风。和陶诗是我们研究苏轼晚年思想、生活经历、审美情趣的重要文史资料,是苏诗艺术风格转变的标志,它建立了一种异代对话的机制。     

中国农民消费者对下乡家电产品的购买意向分析

为了考查农民消费者购买下乡家电的意向,本文在计划行为理论的基础上,构建了农民消费者购买意向模型.研究显示,计划行为理论能够很好地解释农民消费者对下乡家电的购买意向.计划行为理论中行为态度、主观规范和感知行为控制对农民消费者购买下乡家电有重要影响.此外,研究还进一步将农民消费者对购买下乡家电的行为态度区分为对购买行为本身的态度和响应政府政策的态度,并且响应政策的态度对购买意向有重要影响.     

Ask me,I (Dis)agree! Acquiescence in student ratings of teaching quality in German vocational schools

Student ratings are frequently used to assess teaching quality even though they might be influenced by an acquiescent response style. Acquiescence is considered particularly common among young respondents and has been recognized as a source of systematic response error. Within a structural equation modeling framework, we examined whether student ratings of teaching quality provided by two age cohorts (fifth- and eighth-grade students) were affected by acquiescence, while additionally controlling for an extreme response style. Across both age cohorts, acquiescence had the highest and most consistent effects on student ratings of teaching quality, whereas extreme responding affected only ratings by fifth-grade students and to a smaller degree. Mean differences in teaching quality ratings between fifth- and eighth- grade students were partly explained by age-related differences in acquiescence. Overall, the effects of acquiescence on student ratings were rather small and primarily affected the ratings provided by younger students (i.e., fifth graders).     

柳宗元寓永唱游考述论

贬谪寓居永州十年是柳宗元偏离中央政治中心极其艰难痛苦的十年。但这也因此成为他文学创作最为宏富，文学风格奠定了关键十年，在十年荒蛮之地的贬谪生活中，同以永州为中心的知交友好唱和交游，是他寻求精神慰藉的重要途径，也是促使柳宗元文学取得了重大成就的心理动因。     

Questionnaire mode effects in interactive information retrieval experiments

The questionnaire is an important technique for gathering data from subjects during interactive information retrieval (IR) experiments. Research in survey methodology, public opinion polling and psychology has demonstrated a number of response biases and behaviors that subjects exhibit when responding to questionnaires. Furthermore, research in human–computer interaction has demonstrated that subjects tend to inflate their ratings of systems when completing usability questionnaires. In this study we investigate the relationship between questionnaire mode and subjects’ responses to a usability questionnaire comprised of closed and open questions administered during an interactive IR experiment. Three questionnaire modes (pen-and-paper, electronic and interview) were explored with 51 subjects who used one of two information retrieval systems. Results showed that subjects’ quantitative evaluations of systems were significantly lower in the interview mode than in the electronic mode. With respect to open questions, subjects in the interview mode used significantly more words than subjects in the pen-and-paper or electronic modes to communicate their responses, and communicated a significantly higher number of response units, even though the total number of unique response units was roughly the same across condition. Finally, results showed that subjects in the pen-and-paper mode were the most efficient in communicating their responses to open questions. These results suggest that researchers should use the interview mode to elicit responses to closed questions from subjects and either pen-and-paper or electronic modes to elicit responses to open questions.     

School self-evaluation: self-perception or self-deception? The impact of motivation and socially desirable responding on self-evaluation results

ABSTRACT

In order to enhance the quality of education, school self-evaluation (SSE) has become a key strategy in many educational systems. During an SSE process, schools describe and evaluate their own functioning, often by administering questionnaires among teachers. However, it is unknown to what extent SSE questionnaire results are distorted by respondents’ tendencies towards socially desirable responding and their motivation to fill in an SSE questionnaire. This study reports on a path analysis, performed on the results of an authentic SSE with 382 participants. Results indicate that socially desirable responding and motivation have indeed an impact on SSE results. However, the effects are differential and depend on the variable of interest. These findings can have serious implications, and should be taken into account when drawing conclusions and taking (school) policy decisions within the framework of an SSE process.     

宋代官员诗人酬唱论略简

官员诗人是宋代诗歌创作酬唱主力军,他们的创作酬唱塑造出宋代诗歌创作酬唱的主流形态与基本风貌。官员通过立朝、外任与贬谪等方式,驻足、行走于两宋的各个地域,并通过诗歌酬唱创建全国性的诗歌网络,使每个地域的文化活动都可以进入公众的视野。官员阶层特有的品阶、官职及政见,是影响官员诗人酬唱对象与酬唱圈层的三大身份要素,这令其诗歌酬唱无法脱离层级、功利与政治。官员的身份层级不同,其酬唱风貌及审美情态也不尽相同,高层与低层差异最为明显,而只有精神上超越了世俗层级制约的官员诗人,才可能成为官员诗歌乃至宋代诗歌的审美主流。     

关于进一步完善我国政府应对自然灾害能力的思考

近年来我国自然灾害频发,带来了巨大的损失。进一步完善我国政府应对自然灾害的能力在预警自然灾害的发生、减轻自然灾害的损失、维护社会的安定繁荣等方面具有重要意义。但是目前我国政府在自然灾害管理中还存在一些问题,如自然灾害管理的法制建设相对滞后,自然灾害应急管理体系不够完善,等。     

Beginning Again: A Response to Rosen and Christie

Genre theory has been around for a long time now. The exchange between Michael Rosen and Frances Christie recently featured in Changing English is the latest in a series of exchanges between advocates of genre and their critics over the past three decades or so. Our aim in this response-essay is not to weigh up the merits of the cases made by Rosen and Christie. Rather, we want to think about how individual teachers might confront the hegemony of genre theory and the harmful effects we believe it is having on language education. Our starting point is Lisa’s own professional practice, as she enacts it from day to day at a state secondary school in the south-eastern suburbs of Melbourne, one of the most ethnically diverse regions in Australia. We draw on Lisa’s journal to construct a sense of the time and place, as well as samples of students’ writing that she gathered in the course of a year with her Year 7 class, in order to gain a better understanding of her work as an English teacher. How does this material compare with ‘all the genre work done over some 25–30?years’ by the genre theorists? What ‘knowledge’ will she be able to construct on the basis of the classroom observations that she made over that time? What should we make of the fact that her world is not the same as the world as genre theorists conceive it?     

热电偶测温误差

热电偶在温度测量中产生测量误差的主要因素是热电偶插入深度、响应时间、热辐射及热阻抗。