Socially desirable responding in an environmental context: development of a domain specific scale

Numerous studies have pointed to a gap between the attitudes people express about the natural environment and their subsequent behaviors toward that environment. Variables identified within these studies include: how significant others view behaviors related to the attitudes; demographic variables such as sex, age or education; self‐perceived ability to do the attitude‐related behavior; attitude strength; and personal relevance of the attitude. This study proposes the concept of environmental desirability responding (EDR) as another factor which might contribute to the attitude‐behavior discrepancy. The development and construct validation of the Environmentally Desirable Response Scale (EDRS), which is designed to identify the existence and level of EDR, is described. The EDRS contains items designed to measure two types of socially desirable responding – ‘Self‐deception’ and ‘Image management’. A total of 1024 usable data sets were obtained from a sample of respondents in several countries (Japan, the US and Australia). Principal factors and correlation analyses revealed that the EDRS comprises three factors identified as ‘Self‐deception/Assertion of positives’, ‘Image management’ and ‘Self‐deception/Denial of negatives’. Cronbach alpha estimates of reliability for the three factors were .74, .66, and .61. Suggestions for further research regarding the scale and EDR are offered.     

苏轼和陶诗浅论

大量和陶是中国文学史上的特殊现象。苏轼和陶,一是为了“陶写伊郁”,二是喜欢陶诗,三是崇尚陶渊明的为人。但是,苏轼学陶而不囿于陶,他的和陶诗凸显了一个经过了精神历险之人不屈、旷达的性格特点和自然平淡的诗风。和陶诗是我们研究苏轼晚年思想、生活经历、审美情趣的重要文史资料,是苏诗艺术风格转变的标志,它建立了一种异代对话的机制。     

二十世纪四十年代新文学家旧体诗复兴及其成因

二十世纪四十年代,新文学家创作发表了大量旧体诗.本文即对这一现象的成因进行探讨:首先是新诗与旧诗本身形式艺术上的差异;其次是当时的文学潮流和社会背景有关;再次,还与新旧诗所承担的社会功能上的差异有关,旧体诗的唱和、题画功能为新诗所不具备.因而,旧体诗在四十年代的兴盛可以看成是必然的存在.     

Reading and Responding: A Rose-coloured Experience

The writer argues that a fresh look at some aspects of reader-response theories could have a revitalising effect on classroom practices. If we want pupils to respond to texts, we should make more use of what happens while they read, helping them to become self-conscious readers. The writer exemplifies some reader-response strategies through his own responses to a short story by AS. Byatt. Implications and suggestions for classroom activities are suggested.     

伦理向度:思想政治教育的现实回应

彰显思想政治教育的伦理道德服务功能,是思想政治教育实践活动的现实回应。从本质上看,"服从"和"服务"于社会发展是思想政治教育的基本规律之一。"服从"社会发展,就是适应社会政治、经济、文化的发展,受政治、经济制度和社会主导意识形态的制约;"服务"社会发展,就是促进社会政治、经济、文化的发展,服务于党的中心工作。从内容体系构成看,思想政治教育除包括思想教育、政治教育、道德教育三种基本内容外,还应包括心理教育的内容。它们既相对独立,又相互联系,共同构成一个有机统一体,演绎着思想政治教育自身的发展轨迹。通过促进制度伦理与德性培育的有机结合,可以发挥思想政治教育最佳功能,提高思想政治教育的有效性,从而推进社会的和谐发展。     

"读图时代"学校课程的思考

“读图时代”呈现出信息媒介图像化、图像载体科技化、生存方式读图化等表征。学校课程应通过多元化课程文化、图文化课程文本、图式化教学方式和图像化教学环境等路径来应对,并坚持突出图文组合的优化性、关注图像化的适度性、注重“两读”的结合性等应对原则,以利用其合理性,避免其局限性。     

电子信息时代的审美教育策略——以理工科大学生为中心的讨论

电子信息时代,理工科大学生的审美教育在教材建设和课堂教学方面面临着一系列挑战。在此背景下,必须从课程内容、教学方式以及教师自身知识储备三方面作全方位的变革,才能合理应对这些挑战并为大学生的全面发展服务。     

基于“学生需求”的外语教师学习研究

基于“学生需求”的教师学习是一种识知（knowing）的过程,学生不仅对教师学习起着刺激和鼓励的作用,同时也决定着外语教师学习的内容和方式。本研究从学生的视角来审视外语教师的日常学习,采用观察、访谈、实物收集、叙事研究等质性研究方法,以8位英语教师及所带班级的学生为研究对象。结果表明：基于“学习者需求”的外语教师学习不但有明确的目的性和延伸性,也是教师自主学习的动力;教师的行动学习既能激发学习者的学习兴趣,又能给予其榜样的力量。     

Examining factors associated with elevated Lie Scale responding on the Child Abuse Potential Inventory

Child maltreatment remains a serious public health issue in the United States. Therefore, it is important to engage in quality control of the assessment, prevention, and treatment services for families affected by maltreatment. Parenting capacity assessments (PCAs) are typically an integral part of service delivery for families affected by maltreatment and can carry serious consequences for the referred parent. The Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAPI) is a measure that is widely used in PCAs; however, socially desirable responding on the CAPI can serve to invalidate the important information derived from this assessment, as well as lead to negative impressions of the parent. Using data collected via multiple methods (including a non-face valid behavioral measure, intelligence screening, and self-report) from a predominantly at-risk sample of parents, the aim of this study was to better understand factors that may predict socially desirable responding on the CAPI. Results indicated that lower parental intelligence, a “positivity bias” (i.e., the tendency to learn and attend to positive over negative information during the non-face valid behavioral task), and lower reported depressive symptoms were associated with higher socially desirable responding. These findings suggest that assessors should thoughtfully consider the possibility that invalid CAPI scores may be more related to low intelligence and a positivity bias than to psychopathy and manipulation (e.g., purposefully trying to present oneself in a positive light to gain favor in a PCA).     

资产证券化是解决不良贷款之有效方式

我国银行体系中不良贷款问题日益严峻,深入剖析不良贷款问题的现状、分析其理论和现实根源、探索解决银行不良贷款问题的思路已成当务之急．通过证券化,银行可以提前收回现金,提升不良资产的潜在价值．在美国、意大利、日本和韩国等经济发达国家,已有大量成功先例．由于中国的不良资产证券化缺乏稳定的现金流,体现出了独特的中国特色,加上法律、会计、税收、监管等方面都缺乏配套的规定,所以,必须加强不良资产证券化的基础条件建设．