中国全面推进随班就读工作的可行性分析

就可行性而言,全面推进随班就读工作具备如下条件:(1)义务教育阶段随班就读经验为推进随班就读工作奠定了基础;(2)当前普通教育环境发展形势有利于推行随班就读工作;(3)国内外实证研究说明推进随班就读工作可以促进残疾学生和普通学生的发展.     

上海市在职教师融合教育自我效能感的调查研究

本研究采用Sharma等人编制的<教师融合教育自我效能感量表>以及<融合教育忧虑量表>对上海市110名特殊教育学校教师以及213名普通学校教师进行了调查,结果发现:两类教师对开展融合教育具有一定水平的自我效能感;特殊教育学校教师的自我效能感要高于普通学校教师;普通学校教师在开展融合教学以及与他人合作方面的自我效能感普遍低于特殊教育学校教师,但在行为管理方面,则与特殊教育学校教师没有差异;两类教师对开展融合教育抱有中等水平的忧虑,且融合教育自我效能感与其忧虑水平存在显著负相关,教师对开展残疾学生教学的自信心水平越高,则对融合教育的忧虑越少.教师融合教育忧虑程度对自我效能感的方差贡献率超过50%以上.     

Usefulness of cognitive intervention programmes for socio-emotional and behaviour problems in children with learning disabilities

Behavioural and emotional problems occur more frequently in children with learning problems than in a cross-section of the general population, both at home and at school. While behaviour problems reportedly are a key obstructive factor impeding inclusive education, children with both behavioural and learning disabilities carry a high risk of social exclusion and school dropout when they are in mainstream environments. Meta-analyses indicated only a moderate impact of social skills training. To see what kind of intervention programme would be effective in modifying cognitive as well as socio-emotional behaviour and at the same time focusing on contextual interaction and intervention, a pilot study has been carried out in Belgium with 11–13-year-old students with learning disability and behaviour problems in special schools. A total of 24 children in the experimental group were matched against a control group of 24. Children in the experimental group, after having received 14 lessons of FIE (Feuerstein's Instrumental Enrichment Programme), showed a marked increase in some cognitive functions (hypothetical thinking, perception and understanding of humour) but not in others. A significant effect on socio-emotional behaviour could not be shown quantitatively, but was evident from qualitative interviewing. The mediating attitude of the teachers was a key influencing factor in producing lasting changes. Programmes such as FIE, provided they address children as well as teachers in a comprehensive way, focusing on cognitive as well as socio-emotional behavioural changes, may become powerful instruments to help children as well as teachers in a highly differentiated inclusive school environment.     

Different children’s perspectives on their learning environment

This article reports and discusses findings from an ethnographic case study, aiming to gain a deeper understanding of how different children perceive their learning environment in the first grade of primary school, with regard to social as well as academic aspects. The theoretical framework is based on an interactional perspective, where children’s learning and development are considered to take place in a dynamic and ecological system. The reported results are based on interviews with 16 children, and observed teaching situations during the first year of primary school. Research among children demands special ethical considerations, such as how to avoid questions and interest from the researcher affecting the position of children being vulnerable in some way. The findings show that, within a group of children, facing a similar learning environment, there are significant differences between the experiences expressed. The findings presented support the importance of listening to children when planning educational settings. Listening to and taking into account the children’s different voices is an essential part of research and education that strives for inclusion, learning and well-being of all children.     

‘If they can say it they can write it’: Inclusive pedagogies for senior secondary physical education

Pedagogical practices are fundamental to teachers' work, and in the spaces of schooling impact significantly on students' success and achievement (Evans, J. 1986. Physical Education, Sport and Schooling: Studies in the Sociology of Physical Education. London: Falmer Press.). This is especially the case for students from disadvantaged backgrounds who are deeply reliant on schooling for their educational resources. This article explores the interrelationships between pedagogical practices, the physical education curriculum at the senior secondary level and learning by both students and a teacher in a school located in an area of socio-economic disadvantage. Action research investigating a pedagogical redesign of a unit of ‘Skill Acquisition’ is the specific focus. Of key interest are pedagogical practices that incorporated opportunities to learn ‘about’ Skill Acquisition ‘through’ and ‘in’ movement. These practices attempted to develop and apply scientific literacies specific to the human movement sciences, which are important for academic success in senior secondary physical education. Findings reveal high student engagement, increasing utilisation of scientific literacies and application of new learning to life-world situations. We argue that pedagogical practices that integrate learning ‘about’ ‘through’ and ‘in’ movement disrupt default modes of teaching theoretical concepts in physical education, which diminish opportunities for academic success amongst students from low-socio-economic backgrounds.     

全纳教育、全纳学校、全纳社会

全纳教育是一个全新的教育理念 ,也是国际教育研究的一个新领域。全纳教育的理念需要全纳学校来实践 ,因而全纳学校是不同于以往的普通学校和特殊学校、也不同于后来的一体化学校 ,它是一种新型的教育模式 ,在教育、社会、经济方面均具有极大意义。全纳教育理念和全纳学校实践的目的是要促进形成一种追求社会公正、机会平等和民主参与的全纳社会。为此 ,在现存社会中对阻碍这种追求的任何障碍都应该加以确认、质疑和消除。全纳教育的理念指导我们实施全纳学校 ,全纳学校的实践促使我们走向全纳社会。     

包容性领导能促进科研人员提升创新绩效吗?——一个有中介的调节作用模型

企业科研人员的创新工作对于企业的长期生存与发展至关重要,因此,如何提高科研人员的创新绩效已经成为当前企业迫切需要解决的问题。在文献回顾的基础上,通过对20家高科技企业的356名科研人员及其直接主管的配对数据进行相关、回归分析,检验包容性领导、责任心以及主管信任对科研人员创新绩效影响的一个有中介的调节作用模型。研究结果表明,包容性领导对科研人员创新绩效具有显著正向影响;责任心显著调节包容性领导与科研人员创新绩效之间的关系;而且,责任心对包容性领导与科研人员创新绩效之间的调节作用以主管信任为中介。研究结论丰富了领导风格与员工创新等方面的研究,并对企业提高员工创新绩效具有实践上的指导意义。     

博物馆的“包容性”及其在英国博物馆展览中的实践

目前,“包容性博物馆”概念在世界博物馆学界愈发引人关注。在英国,许多博物馆都在展览中以不同的方式探索并实践这一概念,并且取得了积极的社会影响。本文回顾并总结了英国国家级与省郡级博物馆在展览中关于“包容性”的四种实践,分别为:信息层级化、临时展览、随展活动和索引博物馆。这些类型的实践已经受了时间的考验,较为成熟与成功,可以为中国的博物馆包容性实践提供参考依据。     

排斥与全纳——全纳教育视野下的教育排斥研究

全纳教育的提出是因为教育排斥的存在,全纳教育与教育排斥之间存在着内在的、必然的关联。全纳教育视野下的教育排斥在对象上经历了针对残疾儿童的教育排斥、针对弱势群体的教育排斥和面向所有儿童所可能引发的教育排斥;在内容上也经历了机会排斥、质量排斥和参与排斥。对教育排斥认识上的深化使得全纳教育被赋予了更为丰富的内涵。然而,全纳教育并没有形成对教育排斥的系统化研究,这使全纳教育视野下的教育排斥不可能获得系统化、理论化的建构而依然停留于经验和直观的层面,从而使全纳教育无论在理念层面还是在实践层面都只获得了有限的成功。     

融合环境中的同伴支持:一个未被利用的资源

在融合教育日益成为一种发展趋势的今天,如何让更多的残障学生在普教课堂中得到多种多样的支持与帮助,是我们必须面对和解决的问题。在融合环境中,全班配对同伴指导、同伴辅助式学习策略、跨年龄指导计划、高年级同伴指导、同伴指导课程和合作课堂等,被证明是较为有效的同伴支持策略和方法。通过融合环境中的同伴支持,建立一个所有人都能得到重视与尊重的社会,才能真正实现教育公平。同时,残障学生与健全学生都可在合作与支持的融合过程中,寻得彼此的受益点。