美国研究型大学科研不端行为——概念、特点及对策

本文着眼于美国研究型大学科研不端行为的研究,探讨分析了科研不端行为的概念以及研究型大学中科研不端行为的特点,并讨论了联邦政府和以科研诚信办公室为主的科研管理机构在处理科研不端行为时所采取的主要应对措施。     

重事实 重学问——《阅微草堂笔记》对传统观念的坚持

《阅微草堂笔记》是纪昀因不满《聊斋志异》而创作的,作为与《聊斋志异》相对立的一部作品,纪昀把真实和学问放在首要的位置。与此相呼应,在艺术手法上也形成了自己独特的效果。     

转变高职毕业生就业观念的途径探讨

我国高等职业教育随着国民经济体制和教育体制改革的深入得到了跨越式发展,与此同时,高职毕业生就业难的问题也逐渐突显出来。本文就高职毕业生在就业观念上的误区进行了分析,着重探讨了转变高职毕业生就业观念的途径,提出了自己的一些看法和意见。     

《高僧传》关于死亡哲学及美学描述

圆寂作为高僧之实践行为和佛教的核心概念,与中国本土的儒道生死观互通相融又有其独到之处。作为僧传文学代表作的《高僧传》,不仅详尽描述了高僧圆寂之诸多情状：或预知生死、坦然接受;或突现异象、天降神物;或以身布施、宣扬佛理。这些描述从心理、形式、内容诸多方面美化和神圣化了死亡这一必然现象,也为死亡这一命题的多样化研究提供了有益启示。     

The gown and the korowai: Māori doctoral students and the spatial organisation of academic knowledge

This paper draws on 38 student interviews carried out in the course of the team research project ‘Teaching and Learning in the Supervision of Māori Doctoral Students’. Māori doctoral thesis work takes place in the intersections between the Māori (tribal) world of identifications and obligations, the organisational and epistemological configurations of academia and the bureaucratic requirements of funding or employing bureaucracies. To explore how students accommodate cultural, academic and bureaucratic demands, we develop analytical tools combining three intellectual traditions: Māori educational theory, Bernstein’s sociology of the academy and Lefebvre’s conceptual trilogy of perceived, conceived and lived space. The paper falls into six parts. Section 1 is an overview of the research and is followed in Section 2 by identification of intersecting ‘locations’ in which Māori students’ theses are produced. In Section 3, Henri Lefebvre’s spatial analysis highlights connections between students’ multiple allegiances and affinities. Drawing on Bernstein, Section 4 relates the theses to the organisation of ‘Western’ academic disciplines. Section 5 addresses students’ cultural locations beyond the reach of ‘Western’ disciplines. We conclude with implications for supervision.     

Governing indigenous recreation at a distance: a critical analysis of an after school active health intervention

Within the Canadian context, the physical activity levels of children and youth in the after school time period has become a source of public health concern. We argue that this concern is informed by broader public health crises, in particular the ‘global obesity epidemic’ and the closely related ‘global pandemic of physical inactivity', and that these so-called ‘crises’ operate as part of a discursive regime that serves to justify after school interventions aimed at increasing the physical activity practices of children and youth. Although the objectives of such interventions are seemingly well intentioned, we suggest that such interventions nonetheless harbor difficult to discern, but potentially pernicious consequences, for the communities in which they are implemented. We focus our attention on the place-specific effects of one Public Health Agency of Canada-funded after school physical activity intervention – After the School Bell Rings (ASBR) – that was implemented in the mostly Indigenous, northern community of Placid, Manitoba. Based on a critical analysis of the ASBR program itself, along with interviews and focus groups with children, parents and recreation providers (n?=?10) from the community of Placid, we contend that the ASBR serves to govern Indigenous recreation at a distance. We argue that when implemented in the place-specific context of Placid, the ASBR functions as part of a broader governmental assemblage composed of loosely connected discourses, institutions, socio-structural conditions and individuals that, when assembled, ultimately serve to govern geographically and culturally distinct communities. We conclude by suggesting that the objectives of broad-based health interventions, such as the goal of increasing after school physical activity levels, should not be universally implemented across diverse locales, but need to account for the diverse, place-specific priorities and needs of the communities into which they are implemented.     

Quality Assurance and Evaluation through Brazilian lenses: an exploration into the validity of umbrella concepts

In our present research we address the question of whether it is valid to apply the Quality Assurance and Evaluation (QAE) umbrella concept, which was formulated to explain new phenomena in European educational governance, to similar developments in Brazilian basic education. This led us to reflect on the possible pitfalls and potential strengths of using umbrella concepts as analytical tools. This article presents this exploration and its operationalisation. We confronted in-built assumptions in QAE with the contested, consensual and creative use of the notion of quality in Brazilian basic education, and looked for relationships. Our analysis shows that the Brazilian developments reiterate the relationships concerning global interconnectivity, and challenges those pertaining to conformity. We argue that the main risks of using umbrella concepts seem to concern the re-production of understandings, which frequently leads to the disregarding of deviation.     

新课改背景下优化学习的中学数学教学理念

在新课改背景下,新的教学理念对提高课堂的有效性和学生的自主性特别是在优化学习上有很大的帮助。在组织教学过程中运用一些新的教学理念对于准确定位、优化学习环境和提高学习效益将产生积极的影响。本文借鉴学习认知理论,针对现代学校数学教学实际,提出优化学习的数学教学基本理念。     

Tradition or Modernity? The Fallacy of Misplaced Concreteness Among Women Science Educators in Cameroon

Building on an earlier article in which I analyzed the views of women scientists and science educators in Cameroon, West Africa (Woodhouse & Ndongko, 1993), I reflect upon the ways in which these same science educators managed to commit the fallacy of misplaced concreteness, attributed by Alfred North Whitehead to the abstractions of 17th-century physics.On the one hand, the women in our study tried to make their science teaching as concrete as possible by introducing examples from African traditional medicine that were familiar to their students. On the other, they undermined these laudable efforts by consistently diminishing the value of traditional indigenous healing, for they regarded the abstractions of scientific methodology as real in a way that such treatments were not. I argue that this is a prime example of the fallacy.Furthermore, the only way in which these women science educators could imagine that African traditional healers would be accepted by the scientific community was to become professionals by adopting the abstract methodology of science, which falls foul of the fallacy in the first place. Only then could their various traditional treatments be assimilated to the market and developed commercially by multinational corporations. I argue that this overlooks the ways in which such corporations appropriate the cultural and intellectual property of traditional healers in Cameroon and elsewhere. Moreover, their reasoning is based once again on the fallacy of misplaced concreteness, accepting the abstractions of the market as real, while disregarding the value of indigenous knowledge itself.     

文化与心理学关系的三种研究模式及其发展趋势

自20世纪后半期开始，文化与心理学的关系越来越受到心理学家的关注，从而使其成为一个重要的研究领域。跨文化心理学、文化心理学和本土心理学是有关文化与心理学关系的三种主要的研究模式。跨文化心理学的研究对象是不同文化群体的心理与行为比较；文化心理学研究文化对人的心理与行为的影响；本土心理学研究本土背景中与文化相关的和从文化派生出来的心理与行为活动。它们都从不同的角度阐明了文化与心理学的关系。最终，通过一种深层结构理论，即一种普适性理论将会把它们的研究结果整合起来。