中学体育活动伤害事故法律问题研究

校园学生伤害事故是目前社会普遍关心的热点问题,其中学校体育活动是校园学生伤害事故的多发区。本文通过对学校体育学生伤害事故法律责任的研究,分析中学体育活动中学生伤害事故发生的主要原因和特点,从法律视角来观察和审视其内部诸因素的联系,分析划分其法律责任、责任主体及法律后果;建议加强法制宣传和学习,制定及时可行的工作制度及预防应急措施。     

短跑运动员肌肉能量消耗与肌肉损伤的研究

通过查阅国内相关文献资料,分析了短跑运动能量消耗的基本规律。由于短跑技术动作的不规范、缺乏准备活动或准备不充分、肌肉的紧张、全程节奏紊乱、肌肉柔韧性差、过度紧张的心理,造成了运动员身体能量的大量消耗,致使能量不足而出现肌肉损伤现象。并由此论述短跑运动员肌肉能量消耗与肌肉损伤的相关机理,提出了有利于运动员能量储备的训练方法。     

Dynamical analysis of winter terrain park jumps

Jump features in winter terrain parks frequently pose a hazard to patrons and may represent a significant liability risk to winter resorts. By performing a simple dynamic analysis of terrain park jumps, the relative risk to impact injuries for any proposed jump design can be quantified thereby allowing terrain park designers to minimize the risk from this class of injury.     

我国优秀射箭运动员损伤及康复研究

运用观察法、问卷调查法、数理统计法对我国大部分省(市)一线射箭运动员的损伤规律进行研究。研究认为,我国优秀射箭运动员受伤率为73.3%,男、女差异均比较显著,女比男高;专项提高、最佳竞技状态阶段较高;准备期损伤率较高;运动级别、比赛名次与受伤率无显著差异;受伤部位以肩部、腰部、颈部为主。随着训练年限的延长,运动级别、比赛名次提高,肩部损伤递减,腰部损伤增加;男性以肩部损伤常见,女性腰部损伤较多;损伤性质多为慢性损伤;受伤原因依次为:缺乏准备活动、恢复不好、参加其他活动、保护意识差、局部负荷过大、厌倦训练、老伤、体能训练少、教练员水平不高、加练;运动员在伤后采取的措施,全程各训练阶段具有显著的差异。在此基础上,提出康复训练手段与措施。     

湖北省高校高水平武术运动员运动损伤的现状分析及预防对策研究

高校高水平武术运动员在训练过程中容易造成运动损伤,通过采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、随机访谈法、数理统计法和逻辑推理法,对湖北省高校高水平武术运动员的运动损伤状况进行了调查研究,找出湖北省高校高水平武术运动员运动损伤发生的原因,指出容易造成运动损伤的动作及部位,并在此基础上提出相应的预防运动损伤的对策和建议。     

Factors associated with concussion-symptom knowledge and attitudes toward concussion care seeking in a national survey of parents of middle-school children in the US

Background:Developing appropriate concussion prevention and management paradigms in middle school(MS)settings requires understanding parents’general levels of concussion-related knowledge and attitudes.This study examined factors associated with concussion-symptom knowledge and care-seeking attitudes among parents of MS children(aged 10-15 years).Methods:A panel of 1224 randomly selected U.S.residents,aged ≥18 years and identifying as parents of MS children,completed an online questionnaire capturing parental and child characteristics.The parents’concussion-symptom knowledge was measured using 25 questions,with possible answers being“yes”,“maybe”,and“no”.Correct answers earned 2 points,“maybe”answers earned 1 point,and incorrect answers earned 0 point(range:0-50;higher scores=better knowledge).Concussion care-seeking attitudes were also collected using five 7-point scale items(range:5-35;higher scores=more positive attitudes).Multivariable ordinal logistic regression models identified predictors of higher scores.Models met proportional odds assumptions.Adjusted odds ratios(aORs)with 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)(excluding 1.00)were deemed statistically significant.Results:Median scores were 39(interquartile range:32-44)for symptom knowledge and 32(interquartile range:28-35)for care-seeking attitude.In multivariable models,odds of better symptom knowledge were higher in women vs.men(aOR=2.28;95%CI:1.71-3.05),white/non-Hispanics vs.other racial or ethnic groups(aOR=1.88;95%CI:1.42-2.49),higher parental age(10-year-increase aOR=1.47;95%CI:1.26-1.71),and greater competitiveness(10%-scale-increase aOR=1.24;95%CI:1.13-1.36).Odds of more positive care-seeking attitudes were higher in white/non-Hispanics vs.other racial or ethnic groups(aOR=1.45;95%CI:1.06-1.99)and in older parental age(10-year-increase aOR=1.24;95%CI:1.05-1.47).Conclusion:Characteristics of middle school children’s parents(e.g.,sex,race or ethnicity,age)are associated with their concussion-symptom knowledge and care-seeking attitudes.Parents’variations in concussion knowledge and attitudes warrant tailored concussion education and prevention.     

Misconceptions about traumatic brain injury among students preparing to be special education professionals

The researchers performed a survey study to determine the effectiveness of collegiate programmes in dispelling common misconceptions about traumatic brain injury (TBI) while preparing undergraduate and graduate students for special education (SpEd) careers. Respondents included 136 undergraduate and 147 graduate SpEd students in their final semesters before obtaining degrees. Each completed an 18‐item true/false survey about TBI and the associated recovery process. Results were compared with survey responses from 318 lay public respondents who participated in a previous study. Two major findings emerged: (a) no significant differences existed in misconception endorsement between SpEd students completing Bachelor's versus Master's degrees; and (b) graduating students in SpEd teacher preparation programmes endorsed similar misconceptions as lay public respondents; hence, these programmes do not appear effective in dispelling common TBI misconceptions. Improving academic preparation for special educators regarding TBI is imperative for effectively identifying, assessing and serving student survivors.     

《学生伤害事故处理办法》存在的问题分析

从我国现行法律法规角度出发,结合学校教育中学生伤害事故的具体情况,分析探讨了教育部《学生伤害事故处理办法》存在的几个问题。《学生伤害事故处理办法》部分条款条文的规定已超越其权限范围、不合理地规避公平责任和需进一步细化具体内容。建议：通过国家立法完善学生伤害事故处理的规范。     

开封市幼儿基本体操运动的可持续发展研究

幼儿基本体操运动是一项新兴的幼儿体育运动项目,开展幼儿基本体操是贯彻党的“德、智、体、美”幼教方针的重要手段,是幼儿园进行素质教育的重要组成部分。运用多种方法对开展幼儿基本体操的意义、现状进行分析,并结合开封市的实际情况,对幼儿基本体操的可持续发展进行了研究。     

Impact absorption of tennis shoe-surface combinations

The aim of this study was to investigate, for typical shoes and surfaces used in tennis, the relative role of the shoe and surface in providing cushioning during running. Five test surfaces ranging from concrete to artificial turf were selected, together with two shoe models. Impact absorbing ability was assessed mechanically using drop test procedures and biomechanically using peak magnitude and rate of loading of impact force and peak in-shoe pressure data at the lateral heel. Differences in biomechanical variables between shoe-surface combinations were identified using a two-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). Mechanical test results were found to rank the surfaces in the same order regardless of the shoe model, suggesting that the surface is influential in providing cushioning. However, for all mechanical and biomechanical (p < 0.05) variables representing impact absorbing ability, it was found that the difference between shoes was markedly greater than the differences between surfaces. The peak heel pressure data were found to rank the surfaces in the same order as the mechanical tests, while impact force data were not as sensitive to the changes in surface. Correlations between mechanical and biomechanical impact absorption highlighted the importance of testing the shoe-surface combination in mechanical tests, rather than the surface alone. In conclusion, mechanical testing of the shoe-surface combination was found to provide a strong predictor of the impact absorbing ability during running if pressure data were used. In addition, for typical shoe-surface combinations in tennis, the shoe was found to have more potential than the surface to influence impact loading during running. Finally, in-shoe pressure data were found to be more sensitive than force plate data to changes in material cushioning.