家长问卷区分自闭症谱系障碍儿童功能的探索

通过家长问卷筛查自闭症谱系障碍儿童是为常见,然运用问卷来区分功能则,本研究欲探索其可能性.结合我国社会文化编制了用于甄别自闭症谱系障碍儿童和区分其功能的家长访谈问卷,并运用该问卷对全国11个城市的2901名1-6岁普通儿童和119名自闭症谱系障碍儿童家长进行了实际调查.调查结果表明,运用该问卷既可甄别又可有效地区分自闭症谱系障碍儿童不同功能.说明运用家长问卷甄别与区分自闭症谱系障碍儿童的功能具有可行性.     

Virtual reality based collaborative design by children with high-functioning autism: design-based flexibility,identity, and norm construction

This exploratory case study examined the process and potential impact of collaborative architectural design and construction in an OpenSimulator-based virtual reality (VR) on the social skills development of children with high-functioning autism (HFA). Two children with a formal medical diagnosis of HFA and one typically developing peer, aged 8–11, were purposefully recruited and matched in a five-week, VR-based architectural design project. Participants’ virtual behaviors and discourses were observed and archived via screen recording. We conducted qualitative time-series and micro-behavior analyses with the data collected. The findings demonstrated that VR-based collaborative design has awarded children with HFA an opportunity to practice and develop flexibility, identity, and norm construction. The target children's design-based social performance was mediated by the VR environment, the context or structure of design partnership, and the nature of a specific design task.     

‘The girls are out there’: professional perspectives on potential changes in the diagnostic process for,and recognition of,autistic females in the UK

There is widely growing recognition of autism in girls, and both researchers and community members have called for improvements in the diagnostic process. What is not yet known is whether these recommendations are being taken up by professionals. In this study, nine semi-structured interviews were conducted with a variety of professionals involved in the autism diagnostic process. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Three main themes were identified: gendered differences; lack of services; and informal change. Our study found that diagnostic professionals are aware of gender differences in presentation, and they make a range of informal adaptations to their processes for girls. While this is positive for those girls who interact with knowledgeable professionals, our data highlight the need for more systematic changes to ensure equality of access to diagnosis and post-diagnostic support.     

What does ‘inclusion’ mean for pupils on the autistic spectrum in mainstream secondary schools?

The last decade has seen a groundswell of developments in educational policy in the UK relating to inclusive education for students with special educational needs (SEN). However, whether government policy has been fully implemented in schools remains a concern. The experience of students with autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) provides an excellent case in point. An increasing number of such students are now educated in mainstream schools, but the limited research in this area has indicated that their experience of school is often marked by bullying, social isolation and anxiety. In light of this, the aim of the current study was to examine the extent to which inclusive educational policy was actually reflected in the practices of four mainstream secondary schools. An exploratory case study approach was adopted, utilising interviews with pupils, teachers, other school staff (e.g., senior managers, learning support assistants) and parents, observations of lessons and other contexts (e.g., lunch time), and document analysis. Our findings highlighted a number of school practices which acted as facilitators or barriers to students’ learning and participation, some of which were generic to SEN provision, and some of which appeared to be specific to those on the autistic spectrum. A discussion of these is presented to enable further understanding of, and inform practice relating to, the inclusion process for students with ASDs.     

孤独症相关脑机制的研究现状

从脑生理机制的角度对孤独症进行研究已成为当前孤独症研究的热点。脑生理机制研究方面,以LYNN WATERHOUSE等人提出的思辨模型最具有代表性和概括性,能够较全面系统地对孤独症的行为特征作出解释,后继的研究也较好地支持了他们的模型。通过分析,对今后孤独症研究的趋势提出了一些展望。     

基于CSSCI的我国自闭症研究知识图谱分析

以CSSCI数据库中1998—2013年间收录的自闭症研究的237篇文献为原始数据,应用可视化软件CiteSpace Ⅱ绘制国内自闭症研究的知识结构图谱与发展进程图谱,挖掘自闭症领域的代表人物和经典文献,描绘自闭症研究在不同时期的热点问题与知识基础。结果显示：我国自闭症领域的研究主要包括理论探讨和教育干预两大分支,涵盖了心理理论、个案研究、体育游戏、早期干预、行为治疗和应用行为分析等多方面内容。