Metacognition,comprehension monitoring,and the adult reader

This article provides an overview and synthesis of the current literature on metacognition and comprehension monitoring among adult readers. It is organized around three major research questions: (1) How do adults conceptualize their own comprehension-fostering and comprehension-monitoring activities? (2) How effectively do adults evaluate and regulate their ongoing efforts to understand? (3) How successfully do adults assess the final products of their comprehension efforts? Cutting across these broad issues are questions concerning metacognitive differences as a function of reading ability, academic success, domain expertise, developmental level, and task variables. The research reveals that adults' conceptions of how they comprehend and how they monitor their comprehension are quite variable. In general, those who have more expertise, who are better readers, and who are more successful students seem to have greater awareness and control of their own cognitive activities while reading. The research also reveals that adults evaluate and regulate their ongoing efforts to understand, although there is considerable room for improvement in these skills. Finally, the research shows that adults are remarkably unsuccessful at assessing how well they have comprehended a text and whether or not they are ready to take a test on the material. The article closes with a discussion of recent intervention efforts aimed at enhancing the metacognitive skills of adult readers.     

试论英语听力的培养与提高

:“听能”一直是困扰和束缚我国大众英语教学的“瓶颈”。本文就英语“听能”如何培养与提高进行探讨。认为 ,加强对听力的重视程度、提高英语教师的整体素质、采取科学的方法和措施对于“听能”的培养与提高会起到积极的作用     

语篇建构分析对英语快速阅读理解的影响

实验探讨语篇建构分析训练对英语快速阅读理解的影响,结果发现：（1）语篇建构分析训练有助于提高学生的英语阅读理解能力,差生进步更快;（2）训练练习促进学生对语篇建构的敏感性,但公共英语大一学生阅读水平的不同未反映在对语篇建构的敏感性上。     

社会转型期大学生感恩行为方式研究——以感恩父母为例

感恩意识作为炎黄子孙的传统美德,已延续有几千年历史。作为当代大学生,是否具有感恩意识也成为衡量其道德品质高低的重要标准。世间万事万物都是大家感恩的对象,但首先应该感恩的还是父母,因为父母对子女有生育之情、养育之恩、教育之泽。从古至今。人们对父母都持什么样的感恩观,处于社会转型期的大学生又持怎样的感恩观,这样的感恩观是否存在某种问题,存在问题又该如何解决。这篇文章就是以此展开陈述,并在此基础上提出一些实际可行的建议。     

听力理解的心理语言过程及其在听力教学中的应用

本文运用心理语言学的理论来阐释英语听力的心理语言过程,从它的三个过程来探讨英语听力教学中需要注意的问题。目的是为了提高学生的英语听力能力和水平。     

Adult Metacomprehension: Judgment Processes and Accuracy Constraints

The objective of this paper is to review and synthesize two interrelated topics in the adult metacomprehension literature: the bases of metacomprehension judgment and the constraints on metacomprehension accuracy. Our review shows that adult readers base their metacomprehension judgments on different types of information, including experiences with current tasks and pre-formed expectations of performance affected by factors such as self-perception of ability. We propose a model that shows the anchoring and adjustment mechanism (Tversky and Kahneman, Science 185:1124–1130, 1974) underlies metacomprehension judgments. Specifically, due to test uncertainty, people may judge future comprehension performance by starting with an anchor such as pre-formed performance expectations and then (insufficiently) adjust away from it based on experiences with current tasks. This anchoring and adjustment model of metacomprehension judgment sheds light on what constrains metacomprehension accuracy. We conclude that two main accuracy constraints are the anchoring effect and the poor diagnostic validity of experiential cues. Based on the review, we discuss avenues for future research that will further our understanding of the mechanisms underlying metacomprehension.     

语篇分析在高中英语阅读理解题中的应用

以文本模式分析和衔接分析为主的语篇分析在阅读理解题中有广泛的应用,对其深入研究可以更好地理解语篇意义。     

从语言符号的横组合及纵聚合关系看英语阅读能力的培养

从语言符号学的观点出发,结合语言符号之间的横组合和纵聚合关系对英语文本的构成方式进行分析,从阅读理解过程中的理解模式和理解必备知识两方面就英语学习者阅读能力培养提出一些建议,以完善传统阅读教学中的一些不足之处,提高我国外语学习者的阅读理解水平.     

阅读理解中语用推理能力培养的关联论研究

本文从关联理论的角度解释阅读理解过程，通过对认知语境、语境效果和最佳关联等方面的分析，揭示阅读理解是一种明示-推理、寻求最佳关联的动态交际过程。同时提出了在阅读教学中以关联理论为基础培养语用推理能力的一些方法。     

图式理论与英语阅读理解

图式理论强调读者已有的相关图式与阅读材料之间的相互作用关系,对于阅读教学具有积极的指导意义.本文主要探讨图式理论在英语阅读理解中的作用,以及它在英语阅读教学中的具体应用.