The Winds of Change in Russian Higher Education: is the East moving West?

In the last 30 years, major changes have taken place in the public sector worldwide under the rubric of New Public Management [NPM]. The education sector is perhaps one of the key areas drawing an intense interest and discussion in the wake of NPM. The Russian State seems to be no longer an exception to this global trend. In line with this, the Russian education sector was declared as a large-scale top priority national project in the late summer of 2005, which was aimed to help raise the living standards of each Russian citizen. This empirical paper seeks to reveal the major institutional and legal changes taking place in Russian higher education over time. This insight is vital as it points to the contexts in which Russian public universities operate. To make the acquaintance of a system of Russian higher education, this research sketches its evolution. It commences from the Soviet era to the present time, highlighting the most significant government initiatives.     

日本终身教育学视野下的异文化接触

日本终身教育学的教育本质在于具备众多非正式要素的“形成性机能”,终身教育学必须是作为坚决置身于“整个生涯”视野的“教育学”而存在。兴趣、娱乐、休闲等异文化接触行为向来被学校教育价值观视为同“学习”异质的东西,但却是终身教育学重要的研究对象和主题。文章以“旅行”为例阐述了异文化接触中促进非正式学习过程实现的机制问题,对多元文化的共生具有启示意义。     

2002-2012年达累斯萨拉姆城市蔓延特征及影响因素

以坦桑尼亚首位城市达累斯萨拉姆2002、2007和2012年土地利用分类数据为基础,结合实地调研,运用扇形分析和同心圆分析等方法,以及用地增长弹性系数、扩展强度指数、紧凑度、分形维数等指标,研究达累斯萨拉姆近年来城市蔓延的总体态势和空间格局特征。研究结果表明：1）2002-2012年间达累斯萨拉姆城市蔓延特征明显,蔓延程度较高,蔓延速度不断加快,主要表现为非正式聚落不断增长情况下的城乡混合发展,侵占的土地类型主要为裸地,其次为植被;2）2002-2007年城市建成区主要沿交通干道以及在市中心周边进行轴线式蔓延,2007-2012年主要在交通干道间及城市边缘地区进行填充式蔓延,城市空间形态由指状向团块状演变;3）城市蔓延方向性明显,向西北、西、西南和东南扩展较多,东南方向成为新的扩展热点,且表现出明显的距离衰减特征;4）城市蔓延主要受到人口与经济增长、交通条件改善、政策变化及土地制度缺陷等因素的影响,其中交通设施起到重要的空间引导作用。     

陕西高校体育教育专业网络非正式学习的研究

对陕西省6所体育教育专业学生的网络非正式学习的情况进行调查与分析,结果表明:该专业学生普遍会利用闲暇时间接触网络,但上网目的不明确,对网络的认识程度不够,缺乏网络学习技巧,不懂得如何运用网络来进行非正式学习。所以,要倡导与培养该专业学生学会利用网络非正式学习,达到良好的学习效果。     

Comadres among Us: The Power of Artists as Informal Mentors for Women of Color in Academe

In this article, we, colegas/colleagues of color, explore the ways in which the literary and artistic contributions of Gloria Anzaldúa, Octavia Butler, and Frida Kahlo have inspired, nurtured, and profoundly influenced our personal and professional lives as academics. We underscore the importance of mentoring for women of color in academe and educational leadership, particularly the psychosocial functions associated with informal mentoring. Further, we discuss how the lives and contributions of our “mentors” impacted our scholarly journeys, framed by third-wave and decolonial woman-of-color-feminism. In this article, we offer an alternative consideration for women of color in search of suitable mentors, concludes by sharing the lessons we learned from the artists. Thinking about mentoring from the position of alterity adds to the general mentoring discourse and serves to inspire women to consider alternatives when seeking mentorship to reach academic and professional goals.     

科技期刊应重视构建基于Web2.0的非正式科学交流平台

传统科技期刊通常为科学交流的正式过程服务。在数字时代,基于Web 2.0的非正式科学交流对科技创新和凝聚科研人员发挥着越来越重要的作用;因此,科技期刊应当积极构建基于Web 2.0的非正式科学交流平台,以此推动科技创新和增强对科研用户的黏性,提升其学术影响力和竞争力。国外一些先进出版单位在这方面给了我们有益的启示。     

环境因素对新企业生成的影响研究——组织生态学的观点

从组织生态学理论出发,试图研究环境因素对新企业的产生有何影响。通过回归分析,发现非正式资金对新企业的产生有显著的积极作用,而居民收入所起的作用较小,专利的数量和地区人口与新企业产生的关系不明显。     

苏区社会变迁中的非正式制度分析——基于对宗族改造的反思

当乡村作为革命的嚆矢时,宗族被视为革命的羁绊而成为打击对象。在其后苏区的社会整合中,中共力图通过基层政权建设使宗族走向国家。然而考察苏区整个历史变迁过程,农民的宗族意识并没有完全消除,宗族势力还时隐时现,且在苏区沦陷后很快又得以恢复。通过对宗族改造的考察,我们发现,在社会变迁过程中,产生于自然经济基础之上的文化传统、意识形态等非正式制度具有巨大的弹性,要消弭其对社会发展的消极影响,需要一个长期的、连续的冲击。     

‘To educate children from birth’: a genealogical analysis of some practices of subjectivation in Spanish and French scientific childcare (1898–1939)

The aim of this paper is to analyse certain techniques of subjectivation in modern child-rearing and the way in which medical discourse leads to the construction of children through those techniques. As a case study, several manuals on childcare used during the first third of the twentieth century in Spain and France have been selected. A historical-genealogical perspective is adopted, according to which childhood is not a natural or ahistorical category, but depends on cultural practices. In Western countries, these practices have been strongly influenced by expert discourses. The techniques proposed in the manuals are identified and the theoretical justification for them analysed according to the socio-cultural and historical context. It is shown in what sense the practices recommended by doctors for mothers constituted a kind of early informal education contributing to the creation of future well-educated citizens.     

Public Broadcasting in Europe: Rationale, Licence Fee and Other Issues

This paper deals with some key issues arising in the current debate in Europeover public sector broadcasting (PSB). It asks what is understood by PSB andexamines critically the arguments for PSB. The latter is done under fiveheadings, namely diversity, democracy/equality, network externalities,innovation and investment and public braodcasting as ``insurance'. The paperthen provides some statistical analysis of the extent, funding and programmemix of Eurepean PSB. Finally it examines in some detail the issues surroundingthe licence fee as an instrument for funding PSB. These include thedetermination of the level of the fee, collection costs and evasion and thefairness of the instrument.