Determination of soluble solid content and acidity of loquats based on FT-NIR spectroscopy

The near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy technique has been applied in many fields because of its advantages of simple preparation,fast response,and non-destructiveness.We investigated the potential of NIR spectroscopy in diffuse reflectance mode for determining the soluble solid content (SSC) and acidity (pH) of intact loquats.Two cultivars of loquats (Dahongpao and Jiajiaozhong) harvested from two orchards (Tangxi and Chun'an,Zhejiang,China) were used for the measurement of NIR spectra between 800 and 2500 nm.A total of 400 loquats (100 samples of each cultivar from each orchard) were used in this study.Relationships between NIR spectra and SSC and acidity of ioquats were evaluated using partial least square (PLS) method.Spectra preprocessing options included the first and second derivatives,multiple scatter correction (MSC),and the standard normal variate (SNV).Three separate spectral windows identified as full NIR (800-2500 nm),short NIR (800～1100 nm),and long NIR (1100～2500 nm) were studied in factorial combination with the preprocessing options.The models gave relatively good predictions of the SSC of loquats,with root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) values of 1.21,1.00,0.965,and 1.16 °Brix for Tangxi-Dahongpao,Tangxi-Jiajiaozhong,Chun'an-Dahongpao,and Chun'an-Jiajiaozhong,respectively.The acidity prediction was not satisfactory,with the RMSEP of 0.382,0.194,0.388,and 0.361 for the above four loquats,respectively.The results indicate that NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy can be used to predict the SSC and acidity of loquat fruit.     

红外诊断技术在电气设备管理中的应用

在电力系统普及、应用和推广红外诊断技术,是电力系统发展和电力安全、提高供电可靠性和降损节能的迫切要求。文章阐述了电气设备发热的原因和热故障种类,并详细提出了红外诊断技术在实际应用中的方法和注意事项。     

数学形态学在红外小目标检测中的应用

为了从红外热图像中识别和跟踪目标,研究了数学形态学在红外小目标检测中的应用,提出了基于灰值形态重构开的红外图像弱小目标检测算法,并利用形态学运算进行红外图像增强,进一步提高了算法的检测性能,丰富了数学形态学在红外目标检测中的应用知识。     

毛细管等速电泳检测器

对毛细管等速电泳检测器进行了分类，扼要地评述了各种类型检测器的结构、原理和性能，并展望了检测器的发展前景．     

基于高速公路流的江苏省交通网络地域分异及影响因素

基于江苏省高速公路交通流量数据,构建高速公路全年流量模型,利用社会网络分析方法探究各县域的中心性与凝聚子群,结合地理探测器方法从江苏省整体以及苏南、苏中、苏北不同地域范围进行影响因素分析。结果表明：1）从总体上看,全年总流出量和流入量空间分布呈现由苏南向苏北递减的趋势;外出率较高地区分布于苏南—苏中—苏北地区的交界处、全省的边界地区以及苏南地区镇江市和常州市的交界地区;2）以苏州、南京、无锡为核心的苏南地区对全省有较强的交通集聚辐射效应,凝聚子群显示江苏省高速公路网络整体上呈现出“4组团、8片区”的特征;3）探测因子结果显示在省域范围内经济水平、产业结构、汽车保有量、人口规模、基础设施、居民购买力对高速公路流量的影响都较为显著,基于不同区域范围的因子决定力存在差异。     

应用红外光谱研究PET结晶和结晶完整性问题

通过对与构象有关谱带的吸光度比的变化,研究了PET结晶完整性。表明随结晶温度升高,反式构象增加,旁式构象减少。对比结晶度随结晶温度的变化,说明反式构象的增加可能包含了在非晶区中的增加。溶液法制的试样在170℃以下的反常,是试样从溶液中析出时已形成不完整的结晶,在热处理时发生重构的缘故。应用谱线差减技术表明,高温结晶的比低温结晶的试样,其结晶区红外光谱中一些谱带呈现向高波数位移的现象,是结晶完整性增加的结果。     

丙酮红外光谱的溶剂效应

报道在20种极性或非极性溶剂中丙酮的红外光谱，研究溶质．溶剂之间相互作用．将红外谱带位移分别与溶剂参数诸如溶剂接受数AN等进行相关分析．结果表明：丙酮羰基在甲醇溶剂中红外诱导伸缩频率位移最大．一些丙酮与甲醇分子之间形成具有非线性氢键结合的六元环结构．丙酮的羰基伸缩振动频率与溶剂接受数AN值、线性溶剂自由能关系LSER均存在良好的相关性，且与LSER值的相关性更佳．在物理意义上LSER较好地解释了溶剂诱导伸缩频率位移．     

红外线中央机加载网络数据库的研究

本文主要论述了在红外线中央机系统中加载大型网络数据库的意义、方法和原理,分析了红外线中央机系统中加载大型网络数据库后对整个红外线系统在远程维护方面的重要影响,以及在实施过程中的安全考虑。     

The terracotta modelli of Palazzo Venezia in Rome: Investigation of the constituent materials for fundamental knowledge and to aid conservation decisions

This work presents the results of the investigation carried out on a group of terracotta sculptures (modelli) (sixteenth to eighteenth century) belonging to the extraordinary collection of Palazzo Venezia in Rome. The study, the diagnostic analysis, and the conservation work, were possible thanks to the grant supplied by the Getty Foundation of Los Angeles and by the bank Intesa San Paolo. The terracotta modelli had a practical function as they were of great use as sketches to the creation of the final masterpieces or as models for restoration. As a consequence, the terracotta models allow reconstructing the creative process of artists and restorers, fundamental to outlining the ancient workshop production. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, micro-stratigraphic investigation, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and micro-Raman spectroscopy were chosen as useful techniques to study the morphology and composition of the surface-painted layers. Usually the surfaces were painted in order to simulate the materials of the sculpture for which the model was created, for example lead white was used to obtain a white surface simulating marble. But, often the models were re-painted to make them more attractive for the antique trade. So, several pigments have been found on the surfaces such as zinc white, Prussian blue, chrome yellow, and mono-azo pigment. In some cases, the characterization of the surface paintings was particularly important to the final decision about removing or leaving the surface paint in place.     

基于通讯车图像传输系统--一种基于通讯车的卫星中继遥控机的红外激光全息图像传输系统

基于通讯车的卫星中继遥控机的红外激光图像传输系统在遥感图像的传输中有着极其重要的军事和民用价值。首先讨论系统的应用意义，然后提出系统的总体方案，并对几个关键电路进行设计，最后分析其可行性。