弹性函数的几何机理

弹性函数是研究当自变量有微弱变化时,函数的相对变化率。文章构造一条初始弹性直线,从几何的角度分析,弹性函数就是函数的切线斜率与初始弹性直线斜率之比;也是函数在弹性支点的微分与初始弹性直线在弹性支点的增量之比。在修订参考文献的基础上,着重对几何机理进行分析。     

金属光电效应逸出功简要分析

大学物理教材中对光电效应下的定义不准确,对光电子是否有最大初动能存在两派观点,通过对金属逸出功的分析,表明光电子存在最大初动能。     

Time for inclusion?

This article examines the constraints of modern temporality which are antithetical to the careful consideration that working with diverse learners requires for the development of inclusive, democratic education. We take up the conceptual construct of time to explore how it mediates systemic practices that impact policy positions of inclusion in initial teacher education and schooling. Our analysis demonstrates that temporality shapes the possibilities of inclusive practice within which a dominant agenda of compliance frames classroom complexities – both in schooling and higher education environments – into fragmented and preconceived responses to challenging situations. Education systems position educators in risk discourses concentrated on compliance and performance, in part through an emphasis that is placed on the diagnosis of learner differences and subsequent compartmentalised responses. Through schisms in modern time, we demonstrate the ways in which inclusion, like other educational demands, may be supported through a diffraction in time rather than subjugated to it.     

上古以母研究述评

以母在上古的音韵行为非常复杂,可以跟很多声母谐声、通假,如何解释这一现象,不同学者从不同角度进行了研究,结论不一。本文从音类、音值、演变过程等几个方面对上古以母的研究情况进行综述,并指出随着研究的深入,新出现的一些问题。     

匣母在徽语中的历史语音层次

匣母在徽语的共时语音系统中共有11种语音形式,这种共时变异是匣母在徽语中古今演变规律的体现。多种语音形式之间存在着一定的层次关系,其中最古层是匣母读同群母。     

从《魏书》看南北朝时期北方语音的一些特点

《魏书》作为现在流传下来的仅此一部北朝人所写的有关北朝的正统史书,其中保留了不少有关北朝时期的语音材料。这些语音材料,反映了北朝时期语音方面的一些特点,有声母方面的,也有韵部声调方面的。有些材料所反映出的语音特点,与颜之推在《音辞篇》中所谈到的北人语音特点一致。其中几条特殊语音材料所反映的语音现象,似乎可以看成是＂北杂夷虏＂的遗迹。     

Understanding aims and values of science: developments in the junior cycle specifications on nature of science and pre-service science teachers’ views in Ireland

Irish science education is aiming to develop post-primary students’ knowledge of and about science through the introduction of ‘nature of science’ (NOS) in the new junior cycle science specification. This study aimed to investigate pre-service science teachers’ views about a particular aspect of NOS, namely the aims and values of science. Aims and values in relation to science can be considered from epistemic, cognitive, cultural, social, political, moral and ethical perspectives. In this paper, we focus on the epistemic, cognitive and social aims and values of science to provide a broad overview and investigate pre-service science teachers’ understanding of them. Qualitative methods are used to highlight two case studies that provide an in-depth record of how pre-service science teachers interpret aims and values of science. Although the sample is limited in terms of its generalisability to pre-service teacher education at large, the study provides a framework for (a) what to target and investigate about NOS in science education, particularly about aims and values of science, and (b) how pre-service science teachers are likely to make sense of such relatively new curricular goals. Implications for pre-service science teacher education are discussed.     

超高含水原油混合流动及初始沉积特性

使用自行设计的实验装置,对超高含水原油的流动特性和初始沉积过程进行探究。系统研究实验温度、混合流速和体积含水率对超高含水原油初始沉积过程的影响,分析不同温度下原油的运动形态和初始沉积方式。初始沉积过程可分为蔓延沉积过程和粘连沉积过程,根据沉积特点和压降曲线的变化趋势将初始沉积过程分为3个阶段：沉积诱导期、快速沉积期和沉积动态平衡期。通过对沉积物碳数分布的分析,得知超高含水原油初始沉积过程中,同时存在剪切剥离作用、胶凝作用和分子扩散作用。实验温度和体积含水率主要通过改变胶凝作用和分子扩散来影响初始沉积过程,混合流速通过改变剪切剥离强度来影响初始沉积过程。     

三维资本视阈下的高校毕业生初次就业满意度实证分析

通过社会资本、人力资本和心理资本等三维资本,利用回归方法对高校毕业生初次就业满意度进行实证分析。人力资本对高校毕业生初次就业起着核心的配置性作用,实习经历显著影响着初次就业满意度;心理资本对初次就业满意度有着重要影响,乐观、自信可以显著提升初次就业满意度;社会资本广度对初次就业有着显著作用。高校毕业生利用资本的生产收益性,树立三维资本的投资理念,提升初次就业满意度;政府完善就业政策,限制社会资本的不公平逐利性,防止社会资本在市场竞争中滥用;高校加大就业帮扶,减少三维资本缺失带来的个体就业障碍。     

遗传算法中初始种群与交叉、变异率对解的影响及其解决方案

本文的研究表明，在相同的遗传算子下，初始种群性状和数量以及交叉、变异率的确定对算法收敛速度和结果的影响不能忽略。初始种群或交叉、变异率选择不当，将增加迭代次数，甚至直接导致算法陷入局部最优解。为此，本文提出一种基于空间分割的遗传算法及初始种群产生和种群数量确定方法，并根据有关文献，提出一种自适应交叉、变异率方法。实际计算表明，该算法在很大程度上避免了算法收敛于局部最优点，取得较好的效果。