美国职前教师培养：入学选拔的视角*

职前教师选拔是教师教育计划的源头性环节,关系到教师教育的质量。21世纪初期,专业知识、专业技能和专业品性逐渐成为引领美国教师教育机构选拔职前教师的三维标准;教师教育机构的选拔要求涵盖学术性和非学术性要求两个方面;选拔方法呈现多元、整合性特征。对美国职前教师选拔制度的探析将为我国当前的教师教育改革提供有益的借鉴。     

从翻译规范理论看杨宪益、戴乃迭《好了歌》英译

文章简要介绍了吉迪恩.图里的翻译规范理论,并从翻译规范理论角度分析了影响杨宪益和戴乃迭夫妇英译本的因素。研究表明图里的翻译规范理论在翻译活动的不同阶段都受到翻译规范的影响和制约。杨戴夫妇的译本以直译为主,意译为辅,向世界传播了中国的历史文化,为目标语读者广泛接受。文章通过对该译本的规范研究,试图说明初始规范、预先规范和操作规范在译者具体翻译中的指导作用和意义。     

Self-Study Enabling Understanding of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning: An Exploration of Collaboration among Teacher Educators for Special and Inclusive Education

ABSTRACT

While teaching is increasingly being accepted as a discipline, there is a growing emphasis on teacher educators researching their own practice to advance the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL). This study sought to explore the extent to which self-study contributes to teacher educators’ understanding of the SoTL within the discipline of teaching. While self-study is generally accepted as a scholarly approach, the aim here is to address the call in the literature for self-study researchers to evince a commitment to a practice-based and theory-building research agenda by linking with public theories, in this case the SoTL. Additionally, given that self-study is collaborative in nature, findings here may help to address the dearth of knowledge reported in the literature about teacher educator collaboration. A self-study approach was adopted to explore a journey of two teacher educators as they designed, implemented and evaluated new modules in special and inclusive education within an initial teacher education programme in the Republic of Ireland. Analysis and synthesis of data from 24 student teachers and two teacher educators provide insights and understandings into the collaborative interactions and factors that enabled and hindered these interactions. This may support other teacher educators in developing a collaborative pedagogical culture to enhance greater understanding of the SoTL We argue for adopting self-study as a scholarly approach to engage with other theories, such as the SoTL, thus contributing to the broader field of teacher education research.     

Student teachers’ opinion of the pastoral role module in a Postgraduate Certificate in Education programme

Abstract

The Norms and Standards for Educators (2000) recognises a well-defined community, citizenship and pastoral role as one of seven roles of a competent and qualified educator. In 2005 a module dealing with the pastoral role was introduced as part of the Postgraduate Certificate in Education (PGCE – Senior Phase and FET) programme in the institution under study. The aim of this article is to report the outcomes of an empirical study of student teachers’ opinion on the module. A group-administered questionnaire was used to determine student teachers’ opinion regarding the extent and the adequacy of the module to prepare them for their future pastoral role. The student teachers have an overall positive opinion of the module. Grove's pastoral community model is put forward to enhance the quality of the pastoral role training provided in the programme.     

The Stimulation of Child's Interest at the Initial Stage of English Learning

Emotional factors and motivations should be taken into considerations,and combine grammar,rules with practical skills in communications,the stimulation of children’s English learning at the initial stage must take effect and lead to good results.     

一阶常微分方程组初值问题解的实例研究

文章对一阶常微分方程组初值问题解的唯一性进行了探讨,并给出了相应的实例加以比较研究,以加深对一阶常微分方程组存在唯一性定理的理解和应用．     

Preservice teacher perceptions of preparedness for teaching: Insights from survey research exploring the links between teacher professional standards and agency

In this article we explore the use of teacher professional standards in an initial teacher education programme and preservice teacher perceptions of their preparedness for teaching using a survey of 54 first- and second-year preservice teachers in a graduate-entry programme. The survey asked the preservice teachers to respond to 16 questions based on professional standards as well as their knowledge of student learning, professional identity and teaching as a career path. The preservice teachers’ responses were analysed using a mixed methods approach that relied on quantitative methods, but was supplemented by qualitative analysis of short-answer responses. Our analyses hypothesised about possible links between the preservice teachers’ responses and the extent to which they perceived they were classroom and career ready. The themes of teachers, teaching and student learning are used to present and discuss the results, while the notion of agency as achievement is used to deepen possible understanding about their meaning and implications. We conclude that the preservice teachers appeared to benefit from learning about professional standards throughout their programme but appeared to lack confidence in: engaging professionally with others such as parents/carers; setting objectives for all students with different backgrounds; and implementing lesson sequences that engage students and promote learning. Most doubted teaching as their future career. Finally, we discuss implications for: adopting standards-integrated initial teacher education programme approaches; preservice and early-career teacher professional learning needs; and future research opportunities, which include using innovative methodologies and conceptual frameworks.     

英国U-S职前教师教育课程开发的经验与启示——以牛津大学PGCE教师教育课程为例

英国为提高基础教育质量,积极推动各大学在U-S模式下开发职前教师教育课程。英国职前教师教育课程开发注重大学与中小学之间的合作,不断适应合格教师知识与能力要求,并制订理论知识与实践知识相统一的"平衡性"课程计划。英国职前教师教育课程开发给予我们很好的启示:一是大学应与中小学校紧密合作;二是应适应中小学教师补给的实际需求;三是应体现职前教师知识与能力的新要求;四是应体现理论知识与实践知识的"平衡性"。     

Improving workplace learning of lifelong learning sector trainee teachers in the UK

Learning in the teaching workplace is crucial for the development of all trainee teachers. Workplace learning is particularly important for trainee teachers in the lifelong learning sector (LLS) in the UK, the majority of whom are already working as teachers, tutors, trainers or lecturers while undertaking initial teacher education. However, literature indicates that LLS workplace conditions often inhibit teacher learning. This article reviews the research base on LLS trainees’ workplace learning. Billett’s (2008 Billett, S. 2008. “Learning through Work: Exploring Instances of Relational Interdependencies.” International Journal of Educational Research 47: 232–240.[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) concept of relational interdependence, between the affordances (activities and interactions) that workplaces offer for learning and the ways in which individuals perceive and engage with these, is used as a framework to synthesise research evidence. Support and experience of teaching were found to be crucial affordances for trainees’ learning. The nature and availability of these affordances were shaped by workplace culture, organisational strategy, process and structures and the allocation and structuring of work. The ways in which trainees perceived and interacted with workplace affordances for learning were influenced by their prior experiences, confidence and self-esteem, career intentions, workplace position and status and orientation toward theoretical tools. The key properties of support and teaching experience and the workplace conditions needed to promote trainees’ learning are proposed. These provide a starting point for employers, mentors, teacher educators, policy makers and trainees to improve workplace learning. The findings and proposals are also relevant to HE and school initial teacher education. Proposals are made for addressing the gaps in the scale and scope of research into LLS trainees’ workplace learning.