同一肌肉离心/向心力量比值与肌肉损伤康复的效果

为探讨同一肌肉离心力量／向心力量比值与肌肉损伤康复效果之间的关系。对7名大腿后群肌肉拉伤的运动员进行离心康复训练，经对比分析后认为：1．肌肉离心收缩力量／向心收缩力量比值可以作为评价骨骼肌损伤恢复情况的一个新的指标。2．关于肌肉离心力量／向心力量比值需要作进一步定量的研究，来确定该比值的最佳范围。     

以反阿是穴为主针刺治疗下肢软组织损伤

以反阿是穴为主,治疗下肢软组织损伤主要采用直刺与斜刺的针法进行治疗,痊愈、显效率达82％,无效率为0。通过近几年的实践与研究证实采用反阿是穴与阿是穴联合治疗的方式对下肢软组织损伤有明显疗效。同时总结出治疗后须注意必要的休养。恢复训练或体育锻炼要注意由小负荷小强度逐渐加大负荷。     

高校校园伤害事故中学校责任的认定及应对——以侵权责任法为视角

从侵权责任法的归责原则划分高校校园伤害事故的类型看,学校一般应承担过错责任严格适用公平责任,同时学校应采取规范常规管理、提高学生法制意识和安全意识、加强诉讼风险防范等措施。建立和推行校方责任保险机制也可合理有效分解风险。     

篮球教学和训练中常见运动损伤的原因及预防

运动技术必须以身体动作为表现形式,而身体动作表现以人体解剖结构作为基础。由于篮球运动强度大、对抗性强,因此在训练和比赛中极易发生运动损伤。为了减少篮球运动过程中运动损伤的出现,本文对运动损伤的原因进行分类和分析,并提出有效的预防措施,以期避免运动损伤的发生对于学生（运动员）和教师（教练员）的正常教学和训练造成不良影响。     

The fatigue effect of a simulated futsal match protocol on isokinetic knee torque production

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a simulated futsal match protocol on isokinetic knee torque production. Twenty-one young futsal players participated in this study and performed a futsal-specific protocol comprising two blocks of 20-minute activities to simulate the match demands. At pre-protocol, half-time, and post-protocol, the concentric and eccentric isokinetic peak torque of the knee flexor and extensor muscles, the angle of peak torque, and the conventional and functional torque ratios were assessed. ANOVA was used to compare the variables (significance level p < 0.05). A decrease of knee flexor and extensor eccentric torque and knee flexor concentric torque was found, in which the pre-protocol levels were higher than those at half-time, with both being larger than those at post-protocol. The knee extensor concentric torque reduced at half-time. The angle of eccentric torque of knee flexors increased, and the conventional and functional torque ratios decreased at post-protocol. In conclusion, the protocol produced a time-dependent reduction of knee flexor and extensor torque in both concentric and eccentric actions. These findings suggested a possible impairment of performance and the emergence of risk factors for hamstring strains during a futsal match.     

The effects of surface traction characteristics on frictional demand and kinematics in tennis

The interaction between footwear and surfaces influences the forces experienced by tennis players. The purpose of this study was to investigate traction demand and kinematic adaptation during tennis-specific movements with changes in traction characteristics of surfaces. We hypothesised that players would increase the utilised coefficient of friction (horizontal to vertical ground reaction force ratio) when the shoe surface combination had a high coefficient of friction and flex their knee after contact to facilitate braking. Eight participants performed two separate movements, side jump out of stance and running forehand. Ground reaction force was measured and three-dimensional kinematic data were recorded. Clay surface and cushioned acrylic hard court (low vs. high shoe–surface friction) were used. The peak utilised coefficient of friction was greater on clay than the hard court. The knee was less flexed at impact on clay ( ? 5.6 ± 10.2°) and at peak flexion ( ? 13.1 ± 12.0°) during the running forehand. Our results indicate that tennis players adapt the level of utilised friction according to the characteristics of the surface, and this adaptation favours sliding on the low friction surface. Less knee flexion facilitates sliding on clay, whereas greater knee flexion contributes to braking on the hard court.     

大学生运动损伤的临床研究

以江西教育学院的1000名大学生作为研究对象,通过问卷调查法、访谈法、文献资料法和统计总结法,探讨大学生的运动损伤规律,为大学生运动损伤的预防和治疗提供参考。结果发现:男生损伤明显高于女生;在损伤的学生中,一年级学生受伤的比其它年级多;从身体各部位发生损伤的概率来看,踝关节损伤的最多,其次是膝关节等;损伤常见原因是运动准备活动不合理、技术动作不正确、运动量安排不当等;损伤类别以关节损伤、肌肉拉伤、擦伤、挫伤为主。经过不同方法的治疗,可以得到不同程度的恢复。针对以上特点,提出预防措施,来降低大学生运动损伤的发生率。     

大学生运动损伤问题研究

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、实地调查法等研究方法,对云南农业大学421名学生在大学一、二年级期间运动损伤状况进行统计分析,结果显示:大学生运动损伤发生率是76.0%,体育生损伤率最高;致伤项目篮球居首位;损伤部位多见于膝关节、踝关节、手关节等;课外活动是损伤的主要场合;损伤常见原因依次是准备活动不合理、技术动作不正确、场地器材情况等;损伤类型以扭伤、擦伤、拉伤、挫伤为主;经过中药、按摩、理疗等治疗,可以得到不同程度的恢复。针对这些特点,提出预防措施,以期为高校的体育教学工作提供服务。     

血管移植在四肢创伤中的疗效及影响因素

目的:对四肢主要血管损伤的诊治进行性回顾性分析。方法:对1994年￣2003年收治四肢血管损伤行自体血管和人造血管移植并得到随访的44例病例进行总结,分析其疗效及影响因素。结果:截肢3例,肢体缺血挛缩6例。神经功能恢复不完全7例。其余移植血管均通畅,远端肢体血循环良好。结论:血管移植治疗血管损伤保肢成功率高;血管移植应有明确指征,尽量采用自体静脉移植,必要时可使用人造血管;早诊断是前提、快救治是关键;须注意积极防治血管感染。     

体育教学中常见运动损伤原因及预防

运动损伤在体育教学中时有发生 ,产生的原因较多 .了解常见的运动损伤的原因 ,采取有效地预防措施 ,是每位体育教师必须重视和急待解决的问题