高考体育生运动损伤调查及其相关因素研究

基于2009年江西省高考体育缓考生的运动损伤分析,研究发现：运动损伤考生年龄结构、性别、训练年限和区域来源具有不均衡分布特征;运动损伤较多发生在踝关节、足部、膝关节等部位,并主要以肌肉与韧带受伤的形式表现出来;运动损伤较多发生在篮球、足球、100m等考试项目中;准备活动不充分、碰撞、自然环境和场地是产生考生运动损伤的重要原因;损伤部位与损伤性质及训练项目之间具有相关性特征。     

普通高校排球运动员运动损伤及预防

研究主要采用文献资料法、观察法和逻辑分析方法,对高校排球专业与非排球专业的学生,在排球运动的学习和训练中常见的运动损伤进行调研、分析,提出思想上重视运动中的损伤,积极地采取预防措施防止损伤,伤后要做些辅助练习等措施,为今后更好地预防排球损伤提供一些理论参考,使参加排球运动的学生减少伤病的痛苦.     

Greater lower limb flexion in gymnastic landings is associated with reduced landing force: a repeated measures study

High impact forces during gymnastic landings are thought to contribute to the high rate of injuries. Lower limb joint flexion is currently limited within gymnastic rules, yet might be an avenue for reduced force absorption. This study investigated whether lower limb flexion during three gymnastic landings was related to force. Differences between landings were also explored. Twenty-one elite women's artistic gymnasts performed three common gymnastic techniques: drop landing (DL), front and back somersaults. Ankle, knee, and hip angles, and vertical ground reaction force [(vGRF) magnitude and time to peak], were measured using three-dimensional motion analysis and force platform. The DL had significantly smaller peak vGRF, greater time to peak vGRF and larger lower limb flexion ranges than landing from either somersault. Peak vGRF and time to peak vGRF were inversely related. Peak vGRF was significantly reduced in gymnasts who landed with greater hip flexion, and time to peak was significantly increased with increasing ankle, knee, and hip flexion. Increased range of lower limb flexion should be encouraged during gymnastic landings to increase time to peak vGRF and reduce high impact force. For this purpose, judging criteria limitations on lower limb flexion should be reconsidered.     

试述河南医学院校学生排球队运动损伤预防

结合河南科技大学医学院学生排球队平时训练过程中常见的运动损伤,分析在医学院学生排球队中运动损伤的产生机制,探讨预防运动损伤的有效途径,为提高排球训练质量提供理论参考.     

高校田径运动员的运动损伤调查与分析

对德州学院体育系及两水平运动员共计100人,进行了运动损伤的调查及病因分析。结果显示：运动损伤主要为踝关节扭伤,股后肌群拉伤,膑骨劳损,腰背肌损伤等。发生的主要原因有：训练组织不合理,身体机能欠佳,训练水平不够,心理状态不良等。建议运动损伤应从运动训练、组织管理、心理教育等角度进行防治并举,最大限度地减少其发生率。     

体育运动损伤网络咨询系统的设计与实践研究

依据运动损伤知识和理论结合模块设计原理和网络技术设计了体育运动损伤网络咨询系统。阐述了该系统的设计思路、技术关键、模块与功能设计、运行实例等问题,该系统可以进行损伤鉴定、出具治疗方案和运动康复处方,为学生和教师运动损伤的救治和咨询提供了网络平台,具有重要的实践和推广价值。     

中国优秀乒乓球运动员运动损伤特点分析

目的:通过对国家乒乓球队80名乒乓球运动员的流行病调查,对主要伤病类型和受伤原因进行总结分析,并提出切实可行的防治对策及建议。方法:采用运动损伤调查问卷和临床检查等方法进行流行病学调查,并结合项目实践对结果进行分析。结果:共发现运动损伤70例(120人次),损伤病种52种,患病率为87.5%。乒乓球运动主要损伤部位是腰、膝和肩,分别为25%,20%和17.5%。主要损伤类型是肌损伤20%、韧带伤18%和末端病16%。最为常见的乒乓球损伤病种为肩袖损伤、腰肌劳损和膝脂肪垫炎,分别为10%、10%和5%。统计分析了不同技战术打法的运动损伤率,最高的是直拍单面拉弧圈球的打法。乒乓球运动损伤的主要原因为局部劳损、运动疲劳和肌肉力量不足等。建议合理安排身体局部负荷,提高准备活动和整理活动的质量,针对不同技战术打法制定不同身体训练方案,以减少损伤。     

Groin injuries in professional rugby league players: a prospective study

Altogether, 100 uninjured professional rugby league players were evaluated over a 2-year period. Their height, body mass, sum of skinfolds, girths and bone diameters were recorded. A Cybex 340 isokinetic dynamometer was used to determine peak torque, work, power, endurance ratios and peak torque ratios of the hip abductors and adductors (5 repetitions at 0.52 and 2.08 rad?·?s^??1; 20 repetitions at 3.66 rad?·?s^??1) and knee flexors and extensors (4 repetitions at 1.04 and 3.14 rad?·?s^??1; 30 repetitions at 5.22 rad?·?s^??1). Hip abduction and adduction were also assessed with the hip in external rotation. Discriminant function analysis was conducted on all predictor variables to develop a multivariate predictive model capable of classifying players with a high degree of accuracy into groups with and without a groin injury. The model consisted of eight variables and correctly classified 91.7% of the non-injured players and 90.5% of the injured players. The correct classification for the model as a whole was 91.4%. The aetiological factors identified as being related to injury of the groin musculotendinous unit included abduction and adduction-with-rotation peak torque, angle of adduction and abduction-with-rotation peak torque, strength ratio of hip muscle groups, bilateral difference in extension peak torque, femur diameter and body mass.     

BMI、WHR与膝关节慢性创伤发病风险的关系研究

研究对象为哈尔滨市第六医院康复科402例膝关节慢性创伤患者（2005年～2010年）,数据采集内容包括：年龄、性别、膝关节慢性创伤、体质指数、腰臀比。根据性别不同对数据进行数理统计分析,通过体质指数（BMI）和腰臀比（WHR）标准对患者的肥胖程度进行分析。根据数据结果显示男子通过腰臀比定义为肥胖的往往高于女士。腰臀比在评价受试者肥胖的比例明显高于BMI测定结果（P〈0．05）,尤以男性突出。在膝关节慢性创伤患者中,腰臀比（WHR）与男性、女性膝关节骨关节慢性创伤的患病率存在显著性相关,男性患者达到了非常显著行相关,而体质指数（BMI）没有达到显著性相关。     

Shoulder 3D range of motion and humerus rotation in two volleyball spike techniques: injury prevention and performance

Repetitive stresses and movements on the shoulder in the volleyball spike expose this joint to overuse injuries, bringing athletes to a career threatening injury. Assuming that specific spike techniques play an important role in injury risk, we compared the kinematic of the traditional (TT) and the alternative (AT) techniques in 21 elite athletes, evaluating their safety with respect to performance. Glenohumeral joint was set as the centre of an imaginary sphere, intersected by the distal end of the humerus at different angles. Shoulder range of motion and angular velocities were calculated and compared to the joint limits. Ball speed and jump height were also assessed. Results indicated the trajectory of the humerus to be different for the TT, with maximal flexion of the shoulder reduced by 10 degrees, and horizontal abduction 15 degrees higher. No difference was found for external rotation angles, while axial rotation velocities were significantly higher in AT, with a 5% higher ball speed. Results suggest AT as a potential preventive solution to shoulder chronic pathologies, reducing shoulder flexion during spiking. The proposed method allows visualisation of risks associated with different overhead manoeuvres, by depicting humerus angles and velocities with respect to joint limits in the same 3D space.