大蒜素对一次大强度运动后心肌肌钙蛋白及抗氧化能力的影响

目的:观察大蒜素对一次大强度运动后大鼠cTn-I、cTn-T、T-AOC和MDA等的影响.方法:8周龄SPF级SD雄性大鼠100只,随机分为空白对照组(C组,n=10)、大蒜素对照组(CA组,n=10)、运动组(E组,n=40)和大蒜素运动组(EA组,n=40).C、E组腹腔注射等剂量生理盐水;CA、EA组腹腔注射大蒜素注射液,4周后,E组、EA组进行一次性大负荷跑台运动,按时相取股动脉血分离血清检测cTn-I、cTn-T、T-AOC和MDA.结果:血清cTn-I含量,E组和EA组各时相均非常显著性高于对照组;EA组和E比较,运动后各时相均较低,其中运动后6h、24 h差异具有显著性;血清cTn-T含量,E组和EA组运动后均低于对照组,其中E组运动后各时相差异均非常显著,EA组运动后6h、12 h 、24 h差异具有非常显著性,运动后即刻具有显著性差异;组间同时相比较,EA组运动后即刻和24 h显著性、运动后12h非常显著性低于E组.血清T-AOC,CA组显著性高于C组,EA组运动后即刻、24 h显著性高于E组同时相.血清MDA含量,运动后E组、EA组均升高,EA组各时相均低于E组,其中运动后12h差异具有显著性,运动后24 h差异具有非常显著性.结论:大强度跑台运动可诱发大鼠运动性心肌损伤.大蒜素可提高抗氧化能力,减轻大鼠大强度运动后心肌细胞损伤,减少cTn-I、cTn-T的大量逸出,对保护细胞膜完整性,降低运动应激程度,防治运动性心肌微损伤有积极作用.     

Medical interventions in the management of hamstring muscle injury

Abstract

Acute muscle belly injuries to the semitendinosus, semimembranosus and biceps femoris (the ‘hamstring’ muscles) remain a common problem in the sporting population. Physiotherapy-led rehabilitation remains the mainstay of treatment, and the physician's input is often minimal. Anecdotally, many different topical, oral and injectable therapies are used around the world in an effort to accelerate the healing of these injuries and to prevent their recurrence. This article reviews the evidence available to support some of the most commonly used medical therapies and the pathophysiological basis for their use. It also presents the evidence behind some of the more promising future treatments for muscle injury, including stem cell therapy, growth factor delivery and potential novel uses of current medication not traditionally used in the musculoskeletal setting.     

论搏击运动中常见创伤的发生原因及预防方法

由于搏击运动中的激烈对抗性 ,使其成为创伤发生率最高的体育项目之一。笔者在体育院校工作多年 ,经过对搏击运动中伤害事故的分析研究后认为 :搏击运动中致伤原因是多方面的 ,有教师、教练的原因 ;也有参训、参赛人员自身的原因 ;还有场地器材等方面的原因。针对致伤原因 ,笔者试图寻找一些预防搏击训练、比赛中致伤的积极有效的方法。     

对浙江省中学体操教学现状的调查与分析

运用问卷调查法和座谈法 ,对浙江省中学体操教学现状进行了调查与分析。结果表明 :目前浙江省中学对体操教学重视程度有明显下降趋势 ,存在着场地、器材、设施和体育经费严重不足 (除重点中学外 ) ,不能按照省编教学大纲和计划执行 ,体操教学内容得不到保证 ,体操教学中伤害事故较多等问题。针对当前的现状和体操教学的前景 ,提出了重视和加强体操教学的意见和建议 ,旨在引起有关职能部门和学校的重视。     

艺术体操运动员脊柱腰段损伤分析

通过对我国艺术体操运动员脊柱腰段损伤现状的调查，分析探讨了艺术体操运动员脊柱腰段损伤的某些特征及致因，以期为艺术体操科学化训练提供依据。     

《安全用电》与案例教学法契合模式的创新性研究

文章基于《安全用电》的性质特点和案例教学法的教法特点,分析了案例教学法用于《安全用电》教学的契合效果。     

新乡市高校体育专业学生运动损伤现状调查与对策研究

此文采用文献资料、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,对新乡市高校体育专业学生运动损伤的场合、损伤的类型、不同项目运动损伤情况以及原因等进行了调查。结果发现,高校体育专业学生运动损伤较为普遍,希望引起足够重视。     

浅析学生伤害事故及其法律责任

学生伤害事故是困扰学校工作、影响教育教学管理秩序、危害学生健康成长的严重问题。《学生伤害事故处理办法》为解决这一难题提供了基本的法律依据，但在实践中也暴露出一些不足。学生伤害事故重存预防：一重贯彻学习《学生伤害事故处理办法》，落实预防措施；二重健全法律制度，明确主体责任；三重运用社会合力，开展综合治理；四重加强法制教育，提高预防能力。要从法律角度正确界定学生伤害事故，并及时、妥善处理损害赔偿问题，切实维护学校、教师和学生的合法权益。     

Student injuries in the dissecting room

Cadaver dissection is the first opportunity for many students to practice handling human tissue and is their first exposure to the occupational hazards involved with this task. Few studies examine dissection room injuries to ascertain the dangers associated with dissecting. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of dissection room injuries from four student cohorts over an eleven‐year period (2001–2011), including second‐year medical students, third‐year medical students, second‐year dental students, and third‐year science students. Injury data included activity causing injury, object responsible, and injury site. A total of 163 injuries during 70,039 hours of dissection were recorded, with 66 in third‐year medical students, 42 in second‐year medical students, 36 in third‐year science students, and 16 in second‐year dental students. The overall rate was 2.87 injuries per 1,000 dissection hours, with second‐year medical students most frequently injured (5.5 injuries per 1,000 hours); third‐year medical students were least frequently injured (1.3 injuries per 1,000 hours). A significant difference in injury rates between student groups indicated a higher than expected injury rate to second‐year medical students and lower than expected rates to third‐year medical students. Injury rates increased for most groups between 2001–2006 and 2007–2011 periods. Most injuries (79%) were from scalpel cuts to the finger or thumb. This study provides injury rates for dissection room injuries to students, indicating differences in injury frequency between cohorts and an increase in injury rate over time. As scalpel cuts were the most likely injury mechanism, targeting scalpel handling with preventative strategies may reduce future injury risk. Anat Sci Educ 6: 404–409. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.     

云南省高校体育公共课中体育伤害事故发生与预防

围绕公共体育课中体育伤害事故这一影响高校体育运动开展的难题,文章以云南省4所高校2000名学生、多年从事体育公共课教学的教师40人为研究对象,分别采取不同调查问卷对其进行体育公共课教学过程中体育伤害事故调查.问卷分析发现云南省高校体育公共课中体育伤害事故发生比例较高,其中发生一次伤害事故占调查总人数的17.4%;体育伤害事故类型主要为皮肤擦伤或裂伤、肌肉拉伤、韧带损伤以及骨折四类;受伤项目以田径、篮球、足球为主;学生掌握一定的急救知识,但对运动伤害事故处理能力有限.针对高校公共体育教学特点,根据调查中反映的问题,分别从学校、教师两个方面提出相应的预防措施,尽可能控制体育公共课中体育伤害事故的发生.