武术套路运动员训练损伤的研究与分析

自2003年武术套路新规则实施后,随着运动员竞技水平及难度的提高,运动损伤越来越得到重视。文章运用实地调查法、文献资料法、数据统计法等研究方法,从运动生理学、运动医学、运动损伤等角度对在武术套路训练中运动损伤、致损伤发生原因进行分析、研究。结果认为:武术套路训练要遵循运动生理、运动医学的规律,运用合理的训练方法和手段并遵循武术运动的规律、特点,正确引导运动员进行训练、避免因训练方法不当、内容安排不合理而造成的损伤,并提出合理的训练方法和建议。     

构建我国学校体育保险机制的研究

随着学校体育运动的蓬勃开展,在体育教学、训练和比赛中出现的运动伤害事故逐渐增多,由此引发的学生、家长与学校之间关于运动伤害事故纠纷的案件频频出现.加强对我国学校体育保险机制的研究与探讨,能够有效地迎合我国学校体育活动的开展.建立我国学校体育保险机制,对解决学生在运动过程中出现伤害事故后带来的诸多问题,消除学生在运动过程中的后顾之忧,具有重要的意义和作用.     

Is there really an eccentric action of the hamstrings during the swing phase of high-speed running? part I: A critical review of the literature

It is widely assumed that there is an eccentric hamstring muscle fibre action during the swing phase of high-speed running. However, animal and modelling studies in humans show that the increasing distance between musculotendinous attachment points during forward swing is primarily due to passive lengthening associated with the take-up of muscle slack. Later in the swing phase, the contractile element (CE) maintains a near isometric action while the series elastic (tendinous) element first stretches as the knee extends, and then recoils causing the swing leg to forcefully retract prior to ground contact. Although modelling studies showed some active lengthening of the contractile (muscular) element during the mid-swing phase of high-speed running, we argue that the increasing distance between the attachment points should not be interpreted as an eccentric action of the CE due to the effects of muscle slack. Therefore, there may actually be no significant eccentric, but rather predominantly an isometric action of the hamstrings CE during the swing phase of high-speed running when the attachment points of the hamstrings are moving apart. Based on this, we propose that isometric rather than eccentric exercises are a more specific way of conditioning the hamstrings for high-speed running.     

Compelling overuse injury incidence in youth multisport athletes

The present investigation was carried out to examine the incidence and pattern of injuries in adolescent multisport athletes from youth sports academy. Injury data were prospectively collected from 166 athletes during the seasons from 2009 to 2014. A total of 643 injuries were identified, 559 (87.0%) were time-loss injuries. The overall injury incidence was 5.5 (95% confidence interval CI: 5.1–6.0), the incidence of time-loss injuries was 4.8 (95% CI: 4.4–5.2), the incidence of growth conditions was 1.2 (95% CI: 1.0–1.4) and incidence of serious injuries was 0.6 (95% CI: 0.5–0.8) per 1000?h of exposure. The prevalence of overuse injuries was 50.3%. Growth conditions represented 20.0%. Most of the injuries (67.0%) involved the lower extremities, and both foot and ankle were the most predominant injured body parts (22.0%). Knee injuries were mostly from overuse (50 vs. 23, p?=?.02), whereas foot and ankle injuries resulted from an acute mechanism (94 vs. 31, p?<?.0001). Minor and moderate injuries accounted for 87.0%. Muscle, tendon and osteochondrosis injuries accounted for 52.0% of all injuries. Comparing groups, squash sport was having the highest injury incidence (8.5 injuries per athlete). Higher exposure was associated with greater overuse relative risk (RR?=?1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.014, p?<?.001). In conclusion, the results of this study identified a high incidence of injuries in this youth sports population. Striking was the prevalence of overuse injuries of 50%, which suggests the need for injury prevention protocols for adolescent highly trained athletes.     

Acute fatigue negatively affects risk factors for injury in trained but not well-trained habitually shod runners when running barefoot

Introduction: Many factors may contribute to running-related injury. These include fatigue and footwear, the combination of which has rarely been studied, in particular with reference to barefoot running, recently advocated as a method to reduce injury risk. Methods: Twenty-two runners (12 well-trained and 10 trained) participated in a 10?km fatiguing trial. Knee and ankle joint kinematics and kinetics and electromyography were assessed during overground running in the barefoot and shod condition. This was performed pre- and post-fatigue using a motion capture system and force platforms. Results: Initial loading rate increased in the trained runners when barefoot but not shod. Shod knee stiffness increased in both groups after fatigue, whereas barefoot knee stiffness decreased only in the trained group. A reduction in barefoot bicep femoris pre-activation was found in both groups. During stance, a reduction in vastus lateralis and biceps femoris and an increase in tibialis anterior activity were found over time in both groups and conditions. Trained runners decreased gluteus medius and increased lateral gastrocnemius median frequency for both conditions after fatigue. Conclusion: When fatigued, gait adjustments in habitually shod runners may increase injury risk when running barefoot. Training status may be a risk factor for injury, as less-trained runners experience muscular fatigue changes that may compromise ground reaction force attenuation. Caution is recommended when transitioning to pure barefoot running.     

西南地区少数民族体育系统层次的文化透视

西南地区少数民族体育因历史背景、地理位置、经济发展等因素属于我国民族体育的“文化边缘地带”,并具有表、中、深层等系统多层次特征。构建长江中上游少数民族体育文化走廊,进行区域性少数民族体育文化研究等发展设想,将为西南地区少数民族体育的发展与深入研究提供参考。     

大学体育院系普修跨栏跑教学中踝部损伤的原因及预防

本文通过调查大学体育院系普修跨栏跑运动中,踝部发生损伤的机率及其损伤发生的阶段。从踝部的解剖结构特点,分析踝部运动损伤的原因,从中找出规律,并针对原因提出一些预防的方法,为教师在跨栏跑教学训练中减少学生踝部运动损伤提供理论依据。     

冰雪运动员伤残与医疗保险研究

运用保险学、管理学等基本理论,采用理论分析和调研等方法,借鉴发达国家体育保险的经验,分析了我国体育保险现状,认为冰雪运动员伤残、医疗保险存在缺乏应有的保险理念,缺乏法律、制度、机制上的有力支持,缺乏筹资渠道和专门人才,缺乏市场培育等主要问题;提出了树立尽快建立与完善冰雪运动员伤残、医疗保险体系的保障理念,建立健全相关的政策法规体系,积极培育保险市场、转变体育保险运作模式,积极培养专门的冰雪运动保险人才等对策,为健全我国冰雪运动的伤残、医疗保险体系提供理论参考。     

运动医学领域中的中医外治法

中医外治法原理是通过经络传导、皮肤、粘膜吸收药物达到治疗康复的目的。分析了几种中医外治法在运动医学领域中的应用特点,其中穴位中药离子导入是一种传统医学与现代新型给药技术相结合的方法,目前在运动医学领域中运用较少,经皮给药系统的治疗手段在消除运动疲劳、损伤治疗等方面将有很大的发展空间。     

女子足球运动员踝关节损伤的调查与分析

通过文献资料方法、调查问卷法等相关方法,对女子足球运动员的运动损伤的进行调查分析,结果显示女子足球运动员的踝关节损伤者较为普遍。对运动损伤的原因进行分析,并提出了相应的预防措施,加强健康保健意识等预防治疗措施,旨在一定程度上减少女子足球运动员的损伤发生。以最大限度减少足球运动中的踝关节损伤。