高校羽毛球运动员膝关节损伤的调查分析

通过文献资料法,问卷调查法,数理统计法等对江苏省18届运动会高校组羽毛球运动员膝关节损伤现状及原因进行深入调查分析,为同类研究提供理论依据。     

Increasing hip and knee flexion during a drop-jump task reduces tibiofemoral shear and compressive forces: implications for ACL injury prevention training

Although most ACL injury prevention programmes encourage greater hip and knee flexion during landing, it remains unknown how this technique influences tibiofemoral joint forces. We examined whether a landing strategy utilising greater hip and knee flexion decreases tibiofemoral anterior shear and compression. Twelve healthy women (25.9 ± 3.5 years) performed a drop-jump task before and after a training session (10–15 min) that emphasised greater hip and knee flexion. Peak tibiofemoral anterior shear and compressive forces were calculated using an electromyography (EMG)-driven knee model that incorporated joint kinematics, EMG and participant-specific muscle volumes and patella tendon orientation measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Participants demonstrated a decrease in peak anterior tibial shear forces (11.1 ± 3.3 vs. 9.6 ± 2.7 N · kg^?1; P = 0.008) and peak tibiofemoral compressive forces (68.4 ± 7.6 vs. 62.0 ± 5.5 N · kg^?1; P = 0.015) post-training. The decreased peak anterior tibial shear was accompanied by a decrease in the quadriceps anterior shear force, while the decreased peak compressive force was accompanied by decreased ground reaction force and hamstring forces. Our data provide justification for injury prevention programmes that encourage greater hip and knee flexion during landing to reduce tibiofemoral joint loading.     

Bicycle rider control skills: expertise and assessment

Abstract

Research on how human balance and control bicycles are inconclusive, largely due to the small number of participants in the previous studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test the hypotheses that 1) cycling lateral deviation amplitude will reliably show differences between more and less experienced cyclists and 2) more experienced will exhibit slower and smaller steering motions compared to the less experienced cyclists. Twenty-eight experienced and inexperienced cyclists rode a bicycle in a straight line. Lateral deviation, steering and roll were measured. Intersession reliability of the deviation was high with Cronbach’s alpha values higher than 0.75. The amplitude, variability and rate of steering and roll parameters showed statistically significant differences between the groups. The test used in this study is sensitive to detect differences between more and less experienced cyclists and can be used for further research that aims to test the effect of a specific intervention addressing rider control. We also showed that steering and roll angle, which were described before as two of the main motor control actions in bicycle control, differ in the variability, amplitude and rate between more and less experienced cyclists. The results of the present study have practical implications for improving bicycle rider control and increasing the safety of cyclists.     

优秀散打运动员运动损伤心理学模型分析

采用调查与理论分析的方法研究50名优秀散打运动员的运动损伤心理学,结合运动损伤心理学理论,建立优秀散打运动员应激—损伤、交互理路、恢复理论心理学模型。结果表明,优秀散打运动员运动损伤心理学模型的建立加深了对散打运动员运动损伤心理学特征及各因素间关系的认识,对预防运动损伤及加速伤后身心康复具有重要意义。     

我国女排高水平后备人才常见运动损伤致因分析

通过文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等研究手段,对我国女排15支高水平后备人才队伍,共计218名运动员常见运动损伤的原因进行调查,结合排球运动项目的技术特点,以及研究对象的身心、技术与训练水平等群体特征,对其常见运动损伤的致伤因素从"直接因素和潜在因素"两方面加以分析。降低运动损伤对高水平后备人才培养带来的困扰,从规范技术动作、提高科学化训练水平和加强医务监督等角度提出建议。     

运动员前交叉韧带损伤的流行病学研究

１９９１年８月￣１９９３年９月对国家,省,市级等４７个人共６８１０名运动员进行了运动创伤流行病学调查,其中ＡＣＬ损伤３２例,癖发病率为０．４７％,损伤病因中技术失误伤首位,为５９．４％,上外与损伤（１５．６％）,场地（３．１％）等因素有关,全部病例均有不同程度的膝关节症状。尽管有３１％的人可参加正常训练,但５３．６％的同受到不同程度的影响,有些不得以停训或手术治疗。本文对ＡＣＬ损伤的致伤因素,诊断     

等动测力及康复训练系统在运动员膝关节损伤后力量训练中的应用

研究利用等动测力及康复系统对膝关节损伤的女运动员进行等速向心训练。经过约8周的训练,患膝屈伸肌群的峰值力矩在不同测试速度下均有显著提高,但伸肌峰值力矩提高较屈肌快。此次研究表明等速向心训练对膝关节损伤后的肌肉功能恢复有一定的促进作用。     

浅谈中学生运动训练损伤的防治

结合教学实际,论述了学生在体育课和体育运动中损伤的防治,从而增强学生在体育课和体育运动中损伤防治的意识,提高自我保护能力,达到科学训练的目的。     

山西省太原市3所高中业余田径运动员损伤调查及其分析

多年来,运动损伤一直影响着田径运动员的训练和比赛,使科学系统的训练和比赛难以按计划正常进行,导致一批有前途的运动员过早地离开田径场,严重阻碍了田径运动水平的不断提高。为了避免和减少运动员在训练、比赛中的伤病发生,延长运动员的运动生涯,提高训练质量。本文通过对山西省太原市3所高中业余田径运动员的常见损伤进行了调查统计和分析,并通过问卷调查分析其田径课余训练运动损伤的原因,具体区分男女运动员不同项目、不同层次运动损伤的特点,对其进行总结归纳从而将运动损伤率降低到最低,使我市业余田径运动员预防损伤的意识增强、整体水平提高、运动寿命延长。为该地区教练制定田径业余训练、考学安全预防措施、积极调整学生心理状态,提供依据;使得训练、比赛、考学顺利进行,最终达到提高整个市的运动水平,为我国田径事业的蓬勃发展奠定基础。     

体育动力结构研究

体育动力结构包括层次结构和系统结构,层次结构主要研究体育动力方向性问题,即物质动力和精神动力问题,属目的性研究的一种,其特点为差异性;系统结构则主要研究体育动力的大小问题,即体育动力各分力的相互作用产生的合力大小,属于过程性研究的一种,其特点为整体性。体育动力的大小和方向直接决定体育运动之车(人从事的体育实践活动)的前行方向和方式。