艺术体操运动员脊柱腰段损伤分析

通过对我国艺术体操运动员脊柱腰段损伤现状的调查，分析探讨了艺术体操运动员脊柱腰段损伤的某些特征及致因，以期为艺术体操科学化训练提供依据。     

音视频传输系统中的网络融合

基于音视频系统对IT技术的需求,分析在进行AV传输系统设计中,重点考虑网络拓扑结构、服务质量管理、PTP时钟三个问题。     

新乡市高校体育专业学生运动损伤现状调查与对策研究

此文采用文献资料、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,对新乡市高校体育专业学生运动损伤的场合、损伤的类型、不同项目运动损伤情况以及原因等进行了调查。结果发现,高校体育专业学生运动损伤较为普遍,希望引起足够重视。     

Student injuries in the dissecting room

Cadaver dissection is the first opportunity for many students to practice handling human tissue and is their first exposure to the occupational hazards involved with this task. Few studies examine dissection room injuries to ascertain the dangers associated with dissecting. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of dissection room injuries from four student cohorts over an eleven‐year period (2001–2011), including second‐year medical students, third‐year medical students, second‐year dental students, and third‐year science students. Injury data included activity causing injury, object responsible, and injury site. A total of 163 injuries during 70,039 hours of dissection were recorded, with 66 in third‐year medical students, 42 in second‐year medical students, 36 in third‐year science students, and 16 in second‐year dental students. The overall rate was 2.87 injuries per 1,000 dissection hours, with second‐year medical students most frequently injured (5.5 injuries per 1,000 hours); third‐year medical students were least frequently injured (1.3 injuries per 1,000 hours). A significant difference in injury rates between student groups indicated a higher than expected injury rate to second‐year medical students and lower than expected rates to third‐year medical students. Injury rates increased for most groups between 2001–2006 and 2007–2011 periods. Most injuries (79%) were from scalpel cuts to the finger or thumb. This study provides injury rates for dissection room injuries to students, indicating differences in injury frequency between cohorts and an increase in injury rate over time. As scalpel cuts were the most likely injury mechanism, targeting scalpel handling with preventative strategies may reduce future injury risk. Anat Sci Educ 6: 404–409. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.     

云南省高校体育公共课中体育伤害事故发生与预防

围绕公共体育课中体育伤害事故这一影响高校体育运动开展的难题,文章以云南省4所高校2000名学生、多年从事体育公共课教学的教师40人为研究对象,分别采取不同调查问卷对其进行体育公共课教学过程中体育伤害事故调查.问卷分析发现云南省高校体育公共课中体育伤害事故发生比例较高,其中发生一次伤害事故占调查总人数的17.4%;体育伤害事故类型主要为皮肤擦伤或裂伤、肌肉拉伤、韧带损伤以及骨折四类;受伤项目以田径、篮球、足球为主;学生掌握一定的急救知识,但对运动伤害事故处理能力有限.针对高校公共体育教学特点,根据调查中反映的问题,分别从学校、教师两个方面提出相应的预防措施,尽可能控制体育公共课中体育伤害事故的发生.     

外贴FRP结构剥离分析概述

粘结层性能是影响外贴FRP结构加固效果的重要因素。本文介绍了外贴FRP结构粘结剪应力分析的主要理论和所取得成果。重点对粘结剪应力分析发展现状进行了综述,并对外贴FRP加固结构及剪应力研究发展趋势进行了展望。     

兰州市城区稳定边界层变化规律的初步研究

兰州市城区空气污染严重与其特殊的大气边界层密切相关。利用兰州市城区现有大气边界层探测资料 ,采用多种稳定度参数计算方法 ,统计分析了该市大气层结稳定度的时空分布规律及其与天气形势的关系 ,发现兰州市城区冬季大气稳定边界层日间存在发生或发展的特有现象 ,并探寻了其形成机制 ,从而为兰州市开展空气污染预报提供可靠的理论依据     

基于抽象协调性质层次的应急网络组织治理中的协调机制构建

针对应急网络组织治理的特征、协调方式的有效性等方面综合考虑,从试图达到较为理想的协调效果的目标出发,从治理基础和治理手段两方面分析,强调应急网络组织治理中协调机制的重要性,并从新的视角科学地构建出应急网络组织治理七层次协调机制,即:混合层、激励层、协商层、交易层、规约层、技术层、自治层。这7个层次对应说明了其协调问题的难易程度:混合层应当解决的是最难协调的问题,其次是激励层等,自治层应当解决的是最易协调的问题。协调问题的难易程度不同,协调目标的理想程度也不同,分别从协调问题的相对难易程度、协调目标的相对理想程度、协调问题的相对显性程度三方面展开论述。     

Impact absorption of tennis shoe-surface combinations

The aim of this study was to investigate, for typical shoes and surfaces used in tennis, the relative role of the shoe and surface in providing cushioning during running. Five test surfaces ranging from concrete to artificial turf were selected, together with two shoe models. Impact absorbing ability was assessed mechanically using drop test procedures and biomechanically using peak magnitude and rate of loading of impact force and peak in-shoe pressure data at the lateral heel. Differences in biomechanical variables between shoe-surface combinations were identified using a two-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). Mechanical test results were found to rank the surfaces in the same order regardless of the shoe model, suggesting that the surface is influential in providing cushioning. However, for all mechanical and biomechanical (p < 0.05) variables representing impact absorbing ability, it was found that the difference between shoes was markedly greater than the differences between surfaces. The peak heel pressure data were found to rank the surfaces in the same order as the mechanical tests, while impact force data were not as sensitive to the changes in surface. Correlations between mechanical and biomechanical impact absorption highlighted the importance of testing the shoe-surface combination in mechanical tests, rather than the surface alone. In conclusion, mechanical testing of the shoe-surface combination was found to provide a strong predictor of the impact absorbing ability during running if pressure data were used. In addition, for typical shoe-surface combinations in tennis, the shoe was found to have more potential than the surface to influence impact loading during running. Finally, in-shoe pressure data were found to be more sensitive than force plate data to changes in material cushioning.     

国产气垫夹板治疗踝关节损伤的临床观察

运用国产气垫夹板对37例急性踝关节损伤进行了治疗效果的观察和分析。结果证实:国产气垫夹板对踝关节扭伤后所致的韧带损伤和稳定性骨折均有明显的治疗作用;踝关节气垫夹板固定时间相对较短,韧带拉伤平均18天,稳定性骨折平均31天;国产气垫夹板限制踝关节内翻和外翻,但不影响踝关节的背伸和跖屈运动,患者可进行早期关节活动。