中学生体育活动伤害事故的风险管理

中学生体育活动伤害事故呈逐年上升之势,对学校、体育教师、家庭和学生都造成了严重的后果和不良影响。采用文献资料调研、问卷调查、专家访谈、逻辑分析、统计处理等研究方法,并引入现代风险管理理论与方法来探讨中学生体育活动伤害事故的风险问题。本研究初步构建中学生体育活动伤害事故的风险识别、评估与应对的理论与方法体系,并提出中学生体育活动伤害事故的风险应对策略与方法。     

武术套路运动员膝关节损伤的调查分析及防治

目的：探讨武术运动员膝关节损伤的发病机制及防治措施。方法：对一、二线武术运动员各10名进行膝关节物理检查、X线及MRI放射学检查,同时对一、二线运动员伤病情况进行比较。结果：武术运动员膝关节损伤的部位主要在半月板、关节软骨及膝关节周围滑囊等部位,一线运动员的受伤几率明显高于二线运动员。建议：根据武术运动员膝关节损伤的机制,其防治措施应增加膝关节动力性稳定,采用科学的训练方法为主,并积极治疗已发伤。     

脊柱稳定操对预防自由式滑雪运动创伤效果的研究

为了有效预防自由式滑雪运动损伤的发生,创编了脊柱稳定操,并通过对吉林省体育运动学校16名自由式滑雪运动员为期2年的效果实验,证实了脊柱稳定操是预防自由式滑雪运动员腰背肌肉筋膜炎和腰骶/骶髂关节炎的有效方法。并提出人体＂核心＂部位的稳定性对完成自由式滑雪空中动作非常重要,建议教练员在身体素质训练中必须重视身体核心部位稳定性的练习,应长期坚持脊柱稳定操的练习。     

对武术馆校武术套路运动员运动损伤的调查研究

为了解我国青少年武术运动员运动损伤的现状及原因,从武术馆校选取青少年运动员进行问卷调查及访谈,并做统计和分析。结果显示:损伤部位分布在踝、膝、髋等关节,大腿、小腿及腰部肌群等部位。损伤类型以肌肉拉伤和关节损伤的比重较大。损伤原因主要与运动员的身体状况、训练内容、运动负荷、比赛及训练安排有关,并提出了针对性的预防措施。     

浅析力量素质对难美项群运动的影响

根据难美项群各竞技运动项目的特点,分析力量素质在完成难美项群动作中的重要性以及因为力量不足而导致难美项群运动损伤的表现,提出相应对策,为在教学训练中提高力量素质更好地表现难美项群的艺术魅力提供依据.     

The predicted risk of head injury from fall-related impacts on to third-generation artificial turf and grass soccer surfaces: A comparative biomechanical analysis

The risk of soccer players sustaining mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) following head impact with a playing surface is unclear. This study investigates MTBI by performing headform impact tests from varying heights onto a range of third-generation artificial turf surfaces. Each turf was prepared as per manufacturers specifications within a laboratory, before being tested immediately following installation and then again after a bedding-in period. Each turf was tested dry and when wetted to saturation. Data from the laboratory tests were compared to an in situ third-generation surface and a professional grass surface. The surface performance threshold was set at a head impact criterion (HIC) = 400, which equates to a 10% risk of the head impact causing MTBI. All six third-generation surfaces had a >10% risk of MTBI from a fall >0.77 m; the inferior surfaces required a fall from just 0.46 m to have a 10% MTBI risk. Wetting the artificial turf did not produce a statistically significant improvement (P > 0.01). The in situ third-generation playing surface produced HIC values within the range of bedded-in experimental values. However, the natural turf pitch was the superior performer – necessitating fall heights exceeding those achievable during games to achieve HIC = 400.     

《中医骨伤科学》教学改革与应用分析

本文通过对《中医骨伤科学》进行分析,结合教学实践,总结全新教学方法,促进学生实践能力的提高。     

生姜醇提物对糖尿病小鼠肾损害保护作用的研究

目的：探讨生姜醇提物对糖尿病小鼠肾损害的保护作用。方法：将30只KM种雄性小鼠随机分为三组,正常对照组（C组,n=10）、模型组（DM组,n=10）及生姜醇提物干预组（ZGB组,n=10）。DM组及ZGB组小鼠尾静脉注射2％四氧嘧啶（90mg／kg）建立糖尿病肾损害模型。造模成功后,ZGB组给予生姜醇提物溶液0．5mL（300mg／kg·d）灌胃14d,DM组及C组给予生理盐水灌胃。14d后小鼠断头取血,测定血糖、血清肌酐、尿素氮含量,检测肾组织丙二醛（MDA）及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力的变化,光镜下观察肾组织病理学改变。结果：与DM组比较,ZGB组血糖、血肌酐及尿素氮水平明显低于DM组（P〈0．01）;肾组织MDA含量明显低于DM组（P〈0．01）,而T—SOD活力则较DM组升高（P〈0．01）。光镜下ZGB组肾脏组织形态学的异常改变较模型组减轻。结论：生姜醇提物对糖尿病小鼠的肾损害有一定的保护作用。     

论汉语信息编码的基本结构单位“字”

汉语的基本结构单位是"字",处在底层表音系统和上层表意系统的界面,可定义为"由一个带调单音节所构成的具有完整、离散性的语音形式,在汉语语言系统中能发挥区别性的价值功能,是一个具有社会心理现实性和现成性的关联符号单位"。汉语中还存在一个由"字"为基本结构单位构成的以双音节字组为核心的典型性缓冲结构层,起到了二次编码的作用,有效地解决了汉语中有限语音形式表达无限概念的矛盾。汉语中缓冲结构层的存在使其难以用普通语言学理论所认为的人类语言具有三个结构层的理论加以准确描绘。"字"使汉语成为了汉语。     

A Three-Tier Diagnostic Test to Assess Pre-Service Teachers’ Misconceptions about Global Warming,Greenhouse Effect,Ozone Layer Depletion,and Acid Rain

This study describes the development and validation of a three-tier multiple-choice diagnostic test, the atmosphere-related environmental problems diagnostic test (AREPDiT), to reveal common misconceptions of global warming (GW), greenhouse effect (GE), ozone layer depletion (OLD), and acid rain (AR). The development of a two-tier diagnostic test procedure as described by Treagust constitutes the framework for this study. To differentiate a lack of knowledge from a misconception, a certainty response index is added as a third tier to each item. Based on propositional knowledge statements, related literature, and the identified misconceptions gathered initially from 157 pre-service teachers, the AREPDiT was constructed and administered to 256 pre-service teachers. The Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of the pre-service teachers’ scores was estimated to be 0.74. Content and face validations were established by senior experts. A moderate positive correlation between the participants’ both-tiers scores and their certainty scores indicated evidence for construct validity. Therefore, the AREPDiT is a reliable and valid instrument not only to identify pre-service teachers’ misconceptions about GW, GE, OLD, and AR but also to differentiate these misconceptions from lack of knowledge. The results also reveal that a majority of the respondents demonstrated limited understandings about atmosphere-related environmental problems and held six common misconceptions. Future studies could test the AREPDiT as a tool for assessing the misconceptions held by pre-service teachers from different programs as well as in-service teachers and high school students.