How do we create ASD‐friendly schools? A dilemma of placement

Scope exists within the Northern Ireland (NI) education system to transform mainstream schools into autistic spectrum disorder (ASD)‐friendly environments. The efficacy of mainstream inclusion is discussed prior to discussing the creation of ASD‐friendly schools. The transformation of mainstream school environments is underpinned by concepts such as inclusive pedagogical approach, universal design for learning and learning without limits. These are discussed alongside strategies to enact core inclusive principles of equity, participation and belonging. However, the need for ASD‐specific approaches and schools is also recognised. Our perspectives as educators influence pedagogy, attitudes and approaches to educating autistic children. A social constructivist consciousness is fundamental to moving from deficit SEN rhetoric to creating enabling education for autistic young people. The question of how to achieve this is answered within this article. The use of identity‐first language is preferred by a large proportion of the autism community; therefore the term ‘autistic child’, rather than ‘child with autism’, is adopted throughout.     

中国山水画的变迁

中国山水画从魏晋至唐时期其形式以青绿山水为主。至元代大批知识分子无法实现自己的抱负,只能隐居山林,纵情书画,文人画的兴起与成熟完全替代了青绿山水画,青绿山水则日见衰落,而取而代之的是水墨山水统治了近千年。这种变迁丰富了当时人们的精神生活,这也是艺术发展的必然规律,推动了中国山水画艺术不断向前发展。     

A comparison of parent and professional perceptions of children with autism spectrum disorder in Portugal

Improving early intervention in Portugal for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) requires parents and professionals to collaborate in assessing and planning intervention programmes. This article analyses parental and professional assessments of children with ASD, in the dimensions of social communication, repetitive behaviours and restricted interests, and sensory processing. The study presents contrasting perspectives from professionals and parents from a range of socio‐academic backgrounds. The sample consists of 136 Portuguese children (aged three to six years old) with ASD and involves children, parents and professionals from across the country. All children, at the time, were in preschool and receiving early special education intervention. Parents and professionals used the Assessment Scale for Children with ASD to complete the assessments. The results show that parents rate children's development and learning more positively compared to professionals; and that this difference is more significant in the field of social communication. Further, parents with higher academic qualifications showed statistically significant differences in comparison with professionals in the social communication dimension. These findings are discussed in relation to the literature and some suggestions are made regarding certain practices related to intervention in early childhood.     

Students with autism transitioning from primary to secondary schools: parents’ perspectives and experiences

The transition from primary to high school can be a challenging process for students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). During this time, research-based practices like home–school collaboration are crucial in facilitating a smoother transition. However, existing research indicates that the transition from primary to high school is a period of anxiety and reduced support for students with ASD and their families. This article describes the experiences of parents of students with ASD in regard to this transition and home–school collaboration. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 15 parents of children with ASD who attended mainstream government high schools in metropolitan Sydney. Through content analysis, parents were found to have received varying levels of transition support. Their experiences of home–school collaboration were, however, generally positive. Overall, it is recommended that parents’ knowledge of their children with ASD should be prioritised and utilised in transition planning. Findings also suggest that a greater implementation of practices including mandated transition planning and home–school collaboration in schools would contribute to more authentic inclusion of students with ASD.     

Comparison of the effects of mainstream and special school on National Curriculum outcomes in children with autism spectrum disorder: an archive‐based analysis

The literature dealing with the inclusion of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in mainstream schools has increased over recent years, propelled by the argument that it will improve the quality of life, educational performance and social development of ‘included’ children. This area of research is currently an important one for the development of policy and practice. The literature on inclusion dealing with the inclusion of children with ASD is limited, so the implementation of inclusion has preceded research. The current study investigated whether children in mainstream placements show enhanced performance, relative to those in specialist provisions. The study used a combination of primary and secondary data analysis to explore the impact of inclusion on children with ASD in four authorities in the south east of England. The results suggest that mainstream children have no greater academic success than children in specialist provision. The study suggests that a number of specific provisions are involved in promoting success, such as Speech and Language Therapy, and the impact of Learning Support Assistants, and these are also reviewed and discussed.     

浅论当下水墨画人文困境及方法论选择

水墨画作为中国传统艺术,在当下出现了新的审美主题、审美表现形式、艺术运作方式等表征,而在欣赏者看来却出现了"好看却不耐看"的尴尬局面。究其形成语境,是由于对科学的误读和人文的缺席所造成的困境。在此基础上探寻水墨画良好发展的合理方法体系,无疑会对摆脱困境产生有益的影响。     

宽光谱监控法制作红外超宽带减反膜的研究

高科技光电仪器的不断发展要求仪器的光谱使用范围越来越宽,从而对光学元件的薄膜特性和精度提出了更高的要求,红外超宽带减反膜就是为适应这些需求而开发的一种膜系。宽光谱监控法是镀制高精度红外超宽带减反膜的最合适、最有效的方法之一,本文根据薄膜光学的基本方法,通过膜系设计、实际的制作过程和制作结果,充分证实了这一点。     

湖州市吴兴区老年人群健康状况与基层卫生服务体系构建研究

通过社区卫生服务站健康档案数据库查询、电话及实地走访调查等方式,随机调查统计湖州市吴兴区2个社区的老年人群(60岁以上)疾病谱、基本生活自理能力及对医护需求和现有社区卫生服务满意度.结果发现,351名老年人群疾病谱前四位疾病分别为高血压病(42.17%)、高脂血症(33.33%)、糖尿病及其并发症(30.20%)、心脏病(25.07%);其中失能(或部分失能)老人占29.91%,失能主要病因有高血压病(93.33%)、糖尿病及其并发症(眼/视网膜病、足病及肾病等)(75.24%)、心脏病(冠心病、心衰、心律失常)(60.95%)、高脂血病(44.76%)、骨关节病(类风湿关节炎、颈腰椎病)及骨折(20.00%)等,且重度失能老人占总失能老人的15.24%;一般慢性病老人对社区卫生服务机构提供的医疗护理、保健指导的需求度分别为87.32%、76.57%,对现有社区卫生服务满意度为83.52%;失能老人对社区卫生服务机构提供的生活照顾、医疗护理及精神慰藉的需求度分别为33.39%、98.75%及15.68%,对现有社区卫生服务满意度仅为14.84%.可见,构建重点面向社区老人的基层卫生分级服务策略,积极尝试建立多部门、多团体协同运作的系统化卫生保健服务体系,或将成为我国未来提高居民(尤其是老年人群)生活质量、促进社会和谐发展的有益改革方向.     

超密集网络中基于多连接的用户归属和功率控制联合优化

超密集网络是第五代移动通信系统提升容量的关键技术之一。针对基站密集部署场景,考虑用户基于多连接用户归属方式接入多个基站,以充分利用基站资源。为进一步提高用户吞吐量,研究多连接场景下的用户归属与功率控制策略。从兼顾系统吞吐量与用户公平性角度出发,将问题建模成对数速率最大化问题。通过将优化问题分解为用户归属和功率控制两个子问题,得出一种高效的次优解法。仿真结果表明所提算法在系统吞吐量上较已有算法具有明显的增益。