海军航母舰载歼击机飞行员专项体能探究

从三个方面分析了舰载歼击机飞行员体能需求：一是航母舰载歼击机飞行员起飞、降落时体能需求,二是空中格斗时所需体能,三是海上航行时体能需求。结论认为舰载歼击机飞行员体能需求包括快速反应、应急能力、航空飞行、远航耐力、抗负荷能力、抗眩晕能力、环境适应能力、空间定向能力。     

亚洲优秀男子三级跳远运动员关键技术环节运动特征的研究

以亚洲男子三级跳远优秀运动员为研究对象,运用访谈法、生物力学测试法和数理统计法对他们的髋部运动技术特征进行研究,结果发现预摆阶段,髋带大腿的大幅度积极摆动,有利于减小重心下降幅度;缓冲阶段初期,以起跳侧髋为支撑,转动侧髋积极向下,减小了下肢支撑负荷;转换阶段摆动侧髋积极转动对提高垂直速度有重要作用,对水平速度的影响不大;蹬伸阶段转动腿髋摆动速度与腾起初速度高度相关,髋伸展运动对水平速度和垂直速度的提高有重要作用;建议起跳过程中增大髋关节的运动速度和动作幅度;转换过程中,应加强水平方向的摆动,提高水平速度利用率。     

100米跑高强度运动对心血管的冲击影响

目的:设计实时的肌肉组织血氧量和瞬时心率无损同步检测方案与设备,为研究100m跑高强度运动对心脏的冲击影响、探讨高强度运动中的代谢规律提供测试手段。方法:采用连续双波长近红外光测量肌肉中血红蛋白与肌红蛋白含氧量的变化情况;采用有源无线心率传感器和自行设计的转发器及配套PC软件测量瞬时心率,进行100m跑同步实测实验。结果:100m跑以无氧代谢为主;起跑后的前7s为无氧代谢的非乳酸过程,肌氧饱和度曲线变化不大;7s后开始消耗肌肉中储存的氧。结论:双波长近红外光组织氧测试法和运动心率无线实时采集系统能够正确实时同步地检测高强度运动时的血氧和心率,揭示了高强度运动过程中肌肉中氧的运输与消耗及心率之间的动力学过程。     

变脸·变革·变化——央视新闻节目改版的战略意义

本文对央视改版后的战略意义进行了分析。     

Flexibility training in preadolescent female athletes: Acute and long-term effects of intermittent and continuous static stretching

This study compared the acute and long-term effects of intermittent and continuous static stretching training on straight leg raise range of motion (ROM). Seventy-seven preadolescent female gymnasts were divided into a stretching (n = 57), and a control group (n = 20). The stretching group performed static stretching of the hip extensors of both legs, three times per week for 15 weeks. One leg performed intermittent (3 × 30 s with 30 s rest) while the other leg performed continuous stretching (90 s). ROM pre- and post-stretching was measured at baseline, on weeks 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and after 2 weeks of detraining. ROM was increased during both intermittent and continuous stretching training, but remained unchanged in the control group. Intermittent stretching conferred a larger improvement in ROM compared to both continuous stretching and control from week 3, until the end of training, and following detraining (p = 0.045 to 0.001 and d = 0.80 to 1.41). During detraining, ROM after the intermittent protocol decreased (p = 0.001), while it was maintained after the continuous protocol (p = 0.36). Acute increases in ROM following the intermittent stretching were also larger than in the continuous (p = 0.038). Intermittent stretching was more effective than continuous, for both long-term and acute ROM enhancement in preadolescent female athletes.     

Technique analysis in elite athletes using principal component analysis

The aim of this study was to advance current movement analysis methodology to enable a technique analysis in sports facilitating (1) concurrent comparison of the techniques between several athletes; (2) identification of potentially beneficial technique modifications and (3) a visual representation of the findings for feedback to the athletes. Six elite cross-country skiers, three world cup winners and three national elite, roller ski skated using the V2 technique on a treadmill while their movement patterns were recorded using 41 reflective markers. A principal component analysis performed on the marker positions resulted in multi-segmental “principal” movement components (PMs). A novel normalisation facilitated comparability of the PMs between athletes. Additionally, centre of mass (COM) trajectories were modelled. We found correlations between the athletes’ performance levels (judged from race points) and specific features in the PMs and in the COM trajectories. Plausible links between COM trajectories and PMs were observed, suggesting that better performing skiers exhibited a different, possibly more efficient use of their body mass for propulsion. The analysis presented in the current study revealed specific technique features that appeared to relate to the skiers’ performance levels. How changing these features would affect an individual athlete’s technique was visualised with animated stick figures.     

开拓体育文化研究的新领域——以探索身体运动对原始文化形成的作用为例

依托体育美学和体育人类学的理论与方法,倡导开拓体育文化研究的新领域。中华民族自源文字是目前世上唯一仍在使用的图画象形文字,对具有代表性、处于原生态的东巴文的研究成果众多,但未见从身体运动的角度探讨其形成过程的文献。对东巴文中有关身体运动的动词进行分类研究是初步尝试。借助体育科学中的人类动作发展理论,解释身体动作对文字形成的影响,有助于厘清一些有争议的重要学术假说,为田野调查的实证工作做好准备。     

平面构成在园林专业中的教学探讨

构成教育是各个设计专业的基础课程,而平面构成又是其三大核心之一。作为应用类的设计专业,风景园林的构成教育有其自身的特点。本文以平面构成为例,概述目前本专业构成教育的现状及意义,分析了两者的区别和联系,并针对问题通过教学实例给出建议,旨在为构成教育和园林专业共同向前发展。     

Misconceptions of Turkish Pre-Service Teachers about Force and Motion

The purpose of this study was to diagnose the misconceptions held by pre-service physics teachers about force and motion. The secondary aim of the study was to detect whether misconceptions vary according to gender, educational level, and culture. The study was conducted with 79 student-teachers attending to one of the largest faculties of education in Turkey. Force Concept Inventory (FCI) was used to diagnose student-teachers’ misconceptions. FCI is a conceptual test consisting of 29 multiple choice items. Each wrong choice for each question reflects a specific misconception about the force and motion concepts. Data from the study was analyzed by using frequencies, t-test, and ANOVA for making comparisons according to gender and years of education. Results of the study showed that student-teachers of physics hold very strong misconceptions about impetus and active force. No significant differences were found between male and female students’ scores on the concept test. The results also showed that misconceptions about force and motion decreased through the years of education. However, they did not disappear completely. Findings of the study are very similar to the other research findings conducted on the subject in other countries. Student-teachers’ conceptions about Newton’s Third Law, on the other hand, were significantly better than those observed in other research done in other countries such as the US and Finland.     

创设问题情境 激发探究欲望——“带电粒子在匀强磁场中的运动”教学设计

探究性学习的核心是围绕“问题情境”展开科学的探索和研究,因此,教师在创设“问题情境”课堂教学时应充分激发学生的探究欲望和参与情感。主要从创设问题情境的原则、方法出发,就创设问题情境具体课堂教学案例——“带电粒子在匀强磁场中的运动”进行探究和实践。