The emergence and institutional co-determination of sustainability as a teaching topic in interdisciplinary science teacher education

This paper takes an institutional perspective on the topic of sustainability in order to analyse how this ‘idea’ enters science teacher education through an interdisciplinary approach. It shows how the development and implementation of a course for Danish pre-service teachers was conditioned and constrained by a complex web of interactions in and among the teaching disciplines of biology, geography and physics/chemistry and among the institutions of school, teacher college and university. The data collected are used to identify influences among the disciplines as well as disciplinary differences, conceptualised through a new reference model that separates the analysis from the usual sustainability dimensions. The findings reveal how sustainability as a teaching topic can be a unifying idea in an interdisciplinary setting. Disciplinary differences evidently impact course planning and implementation significantly, but not exclusively. By elaborating on the interactions between these circumstances, the paper provides insight into the processes of developing interdisciplinary teacher education.     

土地征用制度的经济学分析及改革思路

从经济学角度出发，运用生产者与消费者剩余，分析了土地征用制度的市场效率；指出现行制度供给不足是导致征地权滥用与征地行为不规范的根源；并指出制度的“路径依赖”性导致制度变迁的阻力较大。鉴于此，提出了改革的两种思路——完善土地征用制度和规范土地流转市场。当前应完善土地征用制度，随着经济发展与制度环境的改善，再过渡到全面改革土地征用制度上。     

当代制度发展的特征研究

第二次世界大战结束之后，人类社会的发展出现了很大的变化。与上述发展变化相伴随的，是制度的改革与创新，在这一过程中，制度的发展呈现出一系列的明显特征，其中比较重要的是制度发展的人性化、民主化、法律化和全球化。     

俄罗斯公立高等教育经费多元化改革实践

苏联高等教育经费模式被学者普遍认为是纯粹的由国家包办的官僚控制模式的典型代表。苏联解体以后的二十年来,由于经费的急剧短缺,俄罗斯高等教育领域进行了经费多元化改革。联邦政府的市场方式拨款、地方政府加大的成本分担、学生学费的缴纳、高等学校的企业性活动以及国内外社会的捐赠资助成为俄罗斯高等教育经费的多种来源。     

东亚经济弱收敛的原因:对“东盟+3”的检验

东盟和中日韩三国的经贸联系日益密切,双边在自由贸易区领域内的合作不断深化。同时也应该看到,"东盟+3"体系内的各个国家地区经济发展水平有着一定的差距,但这种差距在逐渐缩小。事实表明,在加入以经济自由度为代表的制度因素之后,"东盟+3"的收敛速度有了负的增长趋势,显然,制度因素是阻碍缩小"东盟+3"经济发展水平差距的重要因素。     

社会学制度主义的政治行动逻辑观——"适合性逻辑"探析

制度与个人行为之间的关系是新制度主义的核心问题,在西方历史上二者之关系曾出现过整体主义、神秘主义、自由主义和行为主义特征。新制度主义通过算计途径和文化途径解决二者关系,前者发展成为结果性逻辑和理性选择新制度主义,主张个人理性和集合制度;后者发展成为适合性逻辑和社会学制度主义,主张集体理性和整合制度。社会学制度主义者认为适合性逻辑是政治行动的基本逻辑,制度既适应环境和集体行为,也改造着环境和个人行为,是消极制度和积极制度的统一。社会秩序是制度分析中的突出主题。从适合性逻辑出发,培养有知识的公民和促进合作及发展社会资本是维持秩序的重要途径。     

论中国对外贸易创新体系

创新是中国对外贸易发展的根本源泉。中国对外贸易创新是一个复杂的系统，它包括对外贸易创新的动力供给系统、能力生成系统、制度培育系统以及技术支持系统等4个子系统。各子系统之间的相互依存和相互促进，推动了中国对外贸易的不断创新和持续发展。     

Common legacy,different paths: the transformation of educational systems in the Czech Republic,Slovakia, Hungary and Poland

The goal of this work is to better understand the institutional changes in the educational systems of the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. We demonstrate that the educational reforms implemented during the transformation introduced very different institutional arrangements in the four countries, despite the fact that their systems shared many common characteristics at the beginning of the 1990s. Differences between the national approaches to educational reforms are particularly reflected in the modes of education decentralisation, the level of school autonomy, accountability and funding mechanisms. We believe that different institutional arrangements may have contributed to the divergent achievements of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Poland in the PISA programme.     

证券市场自律监管的组织结构反思与制度安排

证券市场的自律监管是证券市场存在和发展的基石。通过对我国证券市场自律监管组织结构的反思，探讨了我国证券市场自律监管的制度安排。     

制度分析的层次问题与国际制度研究

经济学和政治学中的新制度主义理论大都将某一层次的制度作为自己的分析对象,而把更高层次的制度作为给定的外生变量.从关于国际制度层次划分的代表性观点来看,构成性制度相对于限制性制度而言是更高层次的制度,普遍性制度相对于特殊性制度而言是更高层次的制度.这种将国际制度区分为不同层次的视角,有助于我们认识国际制度研究中新自由制度主义与建构主义之间的理论争鸣.