Teachers’ perspective on institutional barriers to academic entrepreneurship – a case of Uttarakhand state,India

The study explores the institutional factors which influence the impact of education in building academic entrepreneurship in higher educational institutes of Uttarakhand state, India. In order to understand the institutional barriers, the author interviewed 68 senior-level educationists, who were working in the capacity of Director General, Professor, Head, or Director in three different universities or their affiliated institutions. Based on the qualitative data obtained from interviews, we identified five major and four minor factors which were influencing the impact of education in building academic entrepreneurship in the state. The major barriers identified were – poor entrepreneurial ecosystem, poor entrepreneurial orientation, and inclination of universities and institutes to prepare students for jobs, inadequate content of the subject, need for training of entrepreneurship faculty, or specialized entrepreneurship faculty and ineffective teaching methodology. The results so obtained were further reviewed and validated on the basis of past research. The study also takes into account the institutional problems in developing academic entrepreneurship in other developing countries and compares the results. The study will help policy-makers, teachers, and educational institutions to recognize the possible shortfalls in the education system, which eventually result in poor academic entrepreneurship. Suggestions for improvements are included.     

西部大开发中关于制度的经济学分析

西部大开发中,要素投入和制度投入都具有重要作用。文章从制度的定义入手,应用博弈理论分析了制度的重要性,西部地区制度的滞后表现,并提出了西部地区实施制度创新的切入点。     

企业技术创新人员腐败:成因及对策研究

本文首先阐述企业技术创新人员发生腐败的可能性,以及这类腐败行为对企业技术创新活动产生的X效率影响。其次在评述与组织腐败相关研究文献的基础上,本文按照对人类行为由表及里的认识逻辑,从主观认知和制度缺陷两个维度入手,着重讨论推动技术创新人员实施腐败行为的动力因素,包括心理契约、资源稀缺以及制度的设计和应用。最后针对技术创新人腐败行为产生的成因,提出相应的预防对策。     

合作创新中知识传递与制度创新的和谐问题

如何提高企业、科研机构、高等院校合作创新效率 ,越来越受到关注。通过对合作创新中两类问题即降低交易成本和有效传递知识的分析 ,发现降低交易成本的努力有时却阻碍了合作过程中知识的有效传递。如果不能尽快解决制度创新中存在的问题 ,在合作创新中必然会不断引发这种知识传递与制度创新的矛盾 ,从而影响着合作创新的效率和效果。     

我国科研经费改革面临的制度困境研究——基于科研事业单位管理制度视角

通过深入剖析当前事业单位管理制度与科研经费改革存在的深层次矛盾,寻找科研经费改革难以突破的制度性因素,提出进一步深化科研事业单位改革和科研经费改革的方向和建议。     

制度创新环境与中国绿色技术创新效率

技术创新要朝绿色化和生态化方向发展。纳入区域污染排放强度,使用SFA的方法测算中国各地区的绿色技术创新效率,之后考察制度环境、要素市场扭曲、资源投入比重、政府行为等因素对绿色技术创新效率的影响。研究发现:(1)中国工业部门的绿色技术创新效率总体呈现上升趋势,东部相比于西部并未表现出较高的绿色技术创新效率;(2)制度环境的优化、地区居民文化素质水平的提升对绿色技术创新效率具有积极影响;(3)要素市场扭曲、政府对创新活动的资助、创新要素的资本化、劳务费所占比重等因素则不利于绿色创新技术进步,企业自有资金比重的升高对绿色创新技术进步的影响也不明显。研究的政策含义是:进一步优化创新的制度环境,发挥市场的价格决定机制,改善要素配置效率是提升绿色技术创新效率的关键。     

跨部门信息共享:基于制度激励与技术实现的对比分析

为解决信息资源的跨部门共享难题,提出信息共享的技术实现方案,并将该方案与传统的制度激励方案进行收入成本关系的对比分析,据此构建跨部门信息共享的方案选择模型。研究认为,技术实现方案可以不受部门共享意愿的主观影响,在某种程度上具有强制共享的特征;只要信息共享的收益水平足够高,则技术实现方案就要优于制度激励方案。研究结果对于组织实施跨部门信息共享,具有重要的理论指导意义和决策参考价值。     

我国犯罪构成理论的价值维新与体系重构

我国犯罪构成理论以社会危害性作为犯罪构成的根本性和实质性标准,运用实质标准和推理建构出平面的四要件犯罪构成体系,但这种体系存在犯罪客体虚无化以及主客观方面的断裂等缺陷,不符合罪刑法定原则和人权保障的理念。因此,有必要引入德日三阶层递进式的犯罪构成体系。     

From sociological fictions to social fictions: some Bourdieusian reflections on the concepts of ‘institutional habitus’ and ‘family habitus’

This paper expresses serious reservations regarding the increasingly popular Bourdieu‐inspired notions of ‘institutional habitus’ and ‘family habitus’ in education research. Although sympathetic to the overall theoretical approach and persuaded of the veracity and importance of the empirical findings they are used to illuminate, it argues that, from a Bourdieusian point of view, they actually present several difficulties that threaten not only to overstretch and reduce the explanatory power of the French thinker’s concepts but to stifle analysis of the kinds of struggles and complexities that both he and, somewhat contradictorily, the researchers in question spotlight. Bourdieu had his own ways of making sense of the themes raised, and although there is indeed a need to push him further than he went, to say what he did not and to emphasise what he would not, this has to be guided by consistent logic and not simply pragmatic empiricism.     

“教体结合”组织发展困境——基于多重制度逻辑视角

摘要：我国高校“教体结合”组织呈现出由盛转衰的发展困境。主要运用新制度主义理论,采用理论分析和案例分析的方法,揭示该困境产生的内在原因。研究认为：高校“教体结合”组织的发展主要受到3种制度逻辑的影响：以举国体制逻辑与部门利益为代表的政府逻辑、以普通大学生培养为核心目标的高校逻辑、以产权和效率为核心的市场逻辑。这3种逻辑本身与“教体结合”组织的发展目标存在巨大差异,导致了高校“教体结合”的发展困境。推动“教体结合”的发展,需要加强顶层设计,构建新的制度逻辑。为“教体结合”的长期健康发展提供了借鉴。