宋代致仕官员恋栈现象及其原因探析

官员退休通称致仕等,是中国古代封建王朝的重要议题。经过各个时期的不断调整,宋朝致仕制度也逐渐臻于完善。有宋一代,虽则出现了以王彦超为代表的一批知止而退的致仕官员,但年及而愿退者依然较少,官员恋栈现象仍然时有发生。导致官员恋栈的原因是多方面的,就主观层面而言,部分及年应退官员,或基于生计考虑,或缘于贪恋权财,而故作不知退。就客观层面而言,宋朝致仕标准"朝令夕改",具有极强的随意性特点,既褒奖提前退休,又额外奖励按时致仕,亦或惩处或者认可到时不退者,使得官员面对如此繁杂的情况,属实不知该退还是不该退,有些无所适从。最终他们在善变的致仕制度中徘徊前进,不知所措。     

我国档案社会记忆研究的文献计量及可视化分析

对档案学核心期刊中244篇档案社会记忆研究论文进行文献计量及双聚类分析,可以直观、科学地反映我国档案社会记忆研究的发展状况。我国档案社会记忆研究目前已趋于成熟发展阶段,研究主体呈现出多元化趋势,研究主题主要集中在后保管时代档案社会记忆价值构建、档案记忆和权力与身份认同的关系、非物质文化遗产及边缘弱势群体的档案记忆、数字档案记忆资源的整合和开发等方面。建议在档案社会记忆范式构建期继续深化理论研究深度,将档案社会记忆的学理性与应用性相结合,发挥理论研究的现实指导和发展预测功能。     

Component skills of text comprehension in less competent Chinese comprehenders

The present study examined the role of verbal working memory (memory span and tongue-twister), two-character Chinese pseudoword reading (two tasks), rapid automatized naming (RAN) (letters and numbers), and phonological segmentation (deletion of rimes and onsets) in inferential text comprehension in Chinese in 31 less competent comprehenders compared with 37 reading comprehension control students and 23 chronological age controls. It was hypothesized that the target students would perform poorly on these cognitive and linguistic tasks as compared with their controls. Furthermore, verbal working memory and pseudoword reading would explain a considerable amount of individual variation in Chinese text comprehension. RAN would have a nonsignificant role in text comprehension. Structural equation analyses and hierarchical multiple regression analyses generally upheld these hypotheses. Our findings support current literature of the role of verbal working memory in reading comprehension found in English. The results, however, suggest differential role of the constructs and the tasks in reading comprehension and provide some answers for comprehension impairment in Chinese students.     

Phonological processing and emergent literacy in younger and older preschool children

Phonological awareness, phonological memory, and phonological access to lexical storage play important roles in acquiring literacy. We examined the convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity of these phonological processing abilities (PPA) in 389 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the validity of each PPA as separate from general cognitive ability and separate from each other. Multigroup structural equation modeling (SEM) with mean structure demonstrated that older preschoolers have better developed latent PPA than younger preschoolers but that the structure of PPA is equivalent. RAN was found uniquely associated with letter knowledge and text discrimination in younger preschoolers, and PA was found uniquely associated with word reading skills in older preschoolers. Finally, general cognitive ability was only indirectly associated with emergent literacy via PPA. These results highlight the importance of PPA in the early literacy development of English-speaking preschool children.     

域外观念与中国学制变革——基于20世纪30年代“社会教育制度建设”的考察

域外观念下的社会教育在近代中国遭遇到的不仅仅是简单的排斥或认同,更是一个本土传统的筛选和再培育过程。以20世纪30年代社会教育制度建设为中心,梳理社会教育与学校教育关系的纠葛,不仅揭示了近代中国教育体制转型过程的复杂性,更说明了教育传统的传承和创新之间的微妙关系,制度的移植和生成绝非一蹴而就,而且需要一个与本土传统逐渐融合和沉淀的过程。     

近30年来我国师德建设伦理学思想的冲突与交融

20世纪80年代以来,我国师德建设中,道义论强调自觉的责任感、对道德律的敬重感和行善后的愉悦感、行为的道德评价标准;功利论强调教师思想政治工作制度中道德与利益结合的合理性;契约论则肯定教师责任和道德义务来自于自愿契约。帮助教师认识、提升和凝炼师德的内涵,重振道义论伦理思想的理想精神,融合多元伦理思想,是我国师德建设的选择。     

以产学研合作为主要突破口,创新校企合作管理体制的研究

主要从创新校企合作体制机制建设入手,分析了当前校企合作存在的问题,阐释了加强校企合作管理体制建设的重要性,并就如何创新校企合作管理体制提出了几个解决思路。     

以制度创新促进地方经济发展方式加快转变

加快经济发展方式转变是我国经济社会领域的一场深刻变革,关系改革开放和社会主义现代化建设全局,也关系到地方政府能否真正代表好、维护好、发展好地方的公共利益。通过制度创新,是地方政府加快转变经济发展方式的有效途径;弘扬价值科学创设是制度创新重点;扭住难点,进行制度创新是加快转变经济发展方式的现实路径。     

不可忘却的“黑色”记忆——重读托妮·莫里森的《宠儿》

小说《宠儿》通过对黑人历史记忆的重组和演绎,谱写了一部触目惊心的黑人血泪史,对黑人的前途和命运做出了全方位的思考,意在启发黑人牢记过去、直面现实、放眼未来,具有厚重的历史意识和重大的现实意义。     

记忆与印象:史铁生的写作之源

我是我的印象的一部分,而我的全部印象才是我,记忆与印象作为史铁生的写作之源,经历了极限体验、反思生存、通过写作寻找生存的意义以及把记忆与印象作为写作之源的几个阶段。