Indian field notes: new institutionalism and journalism education

This paper utilizes the theoretical framework of new institutionalism and a two-year qualitative study of three Indian journalism schools to explore the manner by which influences from the organizational field of American journalism education have spread across borders. The study locates and details a system of supranational institutional carriers and finds evidence of both institutional isomorphism, whereby the Indian schools structurally emulate established American programs, and ceremonial conformity, whereby the Indian schools enact a façade of isomorphism. The findings ultimately suggest a new layer of complexity – the influence of the organizational field – be included within the larger discussion of why journalism education looks the way it does around the world.     

公共治理之道--新制度主义途径述评

新制度主义为治理理论在公共事务治理实战中的运用提供了一种途径,推动了治理理论的发展。制度分析框架及其方法作为新制度主义途径下治理理论的典型,为公共事务的治理方式提供了多种可能的模式。当然,治理理论与新制度主义的结合也存在一定的问题。     

校长专业发展的制度框架及作用机制——新制度主义的视角

校长专业发展的制度框架由规制性、规范性和文化-认知性三类制度组成。它们对校长专业发展的规约,或者体现在法律法规及政策文本中,或者体现在社会主流期待中,或者体现在文化影响下生成的认知中。规制性、规范性和文化-认知性三制度对校长专业发展的作用机制分别是奖励与惩罚,对社会期待的接受力量,以及"理所当然"的自然行为和必然行为。     

演进与逻辑:历史制度主义分析下的学术不端行为治理政策

基于历史制度主义分析框架,对我国学术不端行为治理政策文本进行解析,发现:该政策经历了初设探索、调整推进、完善规范三个阶段,渐进地指向以高校为主体的政策发展方向,进入以“善治”语境为核心的改革模式;其中不仅政府、市场与文化、组织作为深层结构影响着政策变迁,又因政策设置的高昂成本、学习效应、协作效应、适应性预期对初始行为的选择强化,致使政策具有较明显的路径依赖特征,更有不同利益主体间博弈、国外相关政策示范效应和社会舆论监督催化驱动三大动力机制贯穿政策演进发展始末。以史为鉴,我国学术不端行为治理未来需进一步强化学术委员会关键行动者的核心引领作用,关注权力的安排、规划与机制。     

历史制度主义视域下晚清民国时期校董会制度的立法进程

晚清民国时期校董会制度经历了从清末民初的法外生存与制度失序,到北洋政府时期的进入立法与权力规范,再到广州、南京国民政府时期的立法强化与权力转向等发展阶段。校董会制度的教育立法进程受到制度来源、制度试验,以及国家战争、民族主义、教育经费、文化观念、教育权力等多重因素的交互作用,遵循着历史制度主义的路径依赖、断裂平衡原则,并借国家政治权力的介入,从民间试验走进国家立法,从制度失序走向制度规范,从制度危机走向制度平衡。晚清民国时期校董会制度的立法进程,实质是政府与学校、社会、教会等多元办学群体的一场教育权力博弈,并在学校所有权与治校权的离合之中,最终完成了校董会权力的合法性转向。     

Reforming governance through policy instruments: how and to what extent standards,tests and accountability in education spread worldwide

ABSTRACT

In the last decades, most countries have adopted data-intensive policy instruments aimed at modernizing the governance of education systems, and strengthening their competitiveness. Instruments such as national large-scale assessments and test-based accountabilities have disseminated widely, to the point that they are being enacted in countries with very different administrative traditions and levels of economic development. Nonetheless, comparative research on the trajectories that governance instruments follow in different institutional and socio-economic contexts is still scarce. On the basis of a systematic literature review (n?=?158), this paper enquires into the scope and modalities of educational governance change that national large-scale assessments and test-based accountability instruments have triggered in a broad range of institutional settings. The paper shows that, internationally, educational governance reforms advance through path-dependent and contingent processes of policy instrumentation that are markedly conditioned by prevailing politico-administrative regimes. The paper also reflects on the additive and evolving nature of educational governance reforms.     

The organizational identity of Ukrainian universities as claimed through their mission statements

After the Revolution of Dignity (2014), Ukraine signed an Association Agreement with the European Union. In the context of European integration, new legislation on higher education has been adopted. Changes in the institutional environment expect responses from higher education institutions, in particular changes in the organizational identities of Ukrainian universities that are claimed through the mission statements. As Ukrainian universities are in the stage of transition from the Soviet past to the European future, it is of primary importance how they interpret and respond to the changes in the institutional environment, claiming their organizational identity through mission statements. To answer this question, sociological institutionalism is applied as a theoretical framework for the exploration of how institutions shape the organizational identities of universities. A content analysis of the mission statements of 46 Ukrainian universities was conducted: 26 defined before the adoption of the new legislation on higher education in 2014 and 20 formulated after this date.     

我国高校教师职称制度的结构与历史变迁——基于历史制度主义的分析

新中国成立后,高校教师职称制度经历了从任命制到聘任制的变迁。职称制度作为高校师资管理的核心制度,从历史制度主义的分析视角看,其结构变迁的方向深受社会政治、经济、文化等宏观制度的影响,并与教育场域内各利益主体的博弈结果密切相关;与此同时,高校教师职称制度的历史变迁产生了“制度锁定”的路径依赖,延滞了制度的发展。要改变这种现状,必须打破行动集团的博弈均衡,突破历史否决点,才能实现高校教师职称制度的转变和创新。     

Beyond Interests,Ideas, and Technology: An Institutional Approach to Communication and Information Policy

This article examines the theoretical assumptions generally used in communication and information policy studies, and suggests that more attention to the institutional determinants of public policies is needed. The first part discusses three alternative theoretical approaches: the interest-group approach, the ideological approach, and the technology-centered approach. The second part outlines the conceptual tools of the new institutionalism approach and discusses its application for the study of regime change in telecoms and media. The third part presents an abbreviated example of such application to the case of U.S. spectrum policies and the licensing of digital broadcasting. The conclusion suggests new directions for research aimed at broadening the set of social actors participating in the global governance of new technologies.     

Evaluating the Locational Attributes of Education Management Organizations (EMOs)

This study uses logistic and multinomial logistic regression models to analyze neighborhood factors affecting EMO(Education Management Organization)-operated schools’ locational attributes (using census tracts) in 41 states for the 2014–2015 school year. Our research combines market-based school reform, institutional theory, and resource dependency to explore one important issue regarding EMO location: What are the factors associated with the presence of varied types and sizes of EMOs in neighborhoods? To our knowledge, this is the first multistate study of neighborhood characteristics associated with the location of EMO-operated schools. The results show that the locational patterns of EMO-operated schools are sensitive to high minority areas, as expected, but also to socioeconomic characteristics of the neighborhood. Our findings also suggest that larger EMOs tend to gravitate to areas where they can mobilize resources. For those concerned about spatial efficiency-equity trade-offs in EMO location policies, our results suggest a need for close monitoring of the distributive patterns of EMO expansion across neighborhoods, racial/ethnic and income groups, and the net effect of EMO location on neighborhood attributes.