开放式电子技术教学方案研究与实施

以培养"综合型、设计型、创新型"人才为主线,讨论了开放式电子技术教学方案,以及开放式实验的项目设置、项目开发、项目管理、学分管理等,目标是激励学生的学习积极性、教师项目开发及实验指导的积极性,总结了开放式实验教学急需解决的几个问题。     

Parent Involvement: Influencing Factors and Implications

Abstract

The involvement of Mexican American parents in their children's education was explored in a year-long case study of an elementary school in Texas. Interviews, document analysis, and observations of parent activities revealed that parent involvement was influenced by several factors, including language, parent cliques, parents' education, attitudes of the school staff, cultural influences, and family issues. Although the school staff addressed some of the issues, in general, teachers did not recognize the influence that these concerns had on parent involvement. The findings have implications for teachers that affect both the level and areas of Mexican American parent involvement. An understanding of these factors will provide ways to increase and improve parent involvement.     

Index to Volume 95

ABSTRACT

The authors compared a conceptual model- based problem-solving (COMPS) approach with a general heuristic instructional approach for teaching multiplication–division word-problem solving to elementary students with learning problems (LP). The results indicate that only the COMPS group significantly improved, from pretests to posttests, their performance on the criterion test (that involves equal groups and multiplicative compare problems) and the prealgebra model expression test. The study results suggest that elementary students with LP can be expected to move beyond concrete operations and to algebraically represent mathematical relations in conceptual models that drive the solution plan for accurate problem solving.     

To Block or Not To Block: That's Not the Question

Abstract

The block schedule emerged in the late 1980s as one structuring practice that allowed educators to address several problems associated with the traditional high school schedule. Among its posited advantages is the opportunity for teachers to engage students in active teaching strategies that require more time than the traditional schedule allows. Research on the use of teaching strategies in traditional and block schedule high schools is limited. Similarities and differences in survey responses of more than 2,000 teachers working in traditional- and block-schedule schools were described and analyzed in this study. In general, few differences were evident in opinions about level of use, appropriateness, and training for a variety of instruction approaches.     

Pedagogical and political encounters in linguistically and culturally diverse primary classrooms: examples from Quebec,Canada, and Gauteng,South Africa

Comparative research in multilingual urban primary schools indicates that the pedagogical and political goals of schooling may operate at cross-purposes. Classroom observations and teacher interview-discussions were conducted in classes for immigrant children in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, where the language of instruction is French, and in classes in Pretoria, Gauteng Province, South Africa, where children from many different language backgrounds are taught in English. Two main themes emerged: (1) pedagogically, effective teacher–learner communication can break down when teachers are unaware of the roles that language and culture play in second language classrooms; (2) politically, efforts to assimilate learners into new socio-cultural/political contexts sometimes take precedence over sound pedagogical practice, such as drawing on the linguistic and cultural repertoire that learners bring to the classroom. This ongoing qualitative research underlines the importance of preparing pre-service and in-service teachers for the linguistic and cultural diversity they are bound to encounter in their classrooms, and of deepening their understanding of the influence of such diversity on the teaching–learning process.     

The Effect of the Kind of Test Announcement on Students Preparation

Abstract

Subjects were given intrasensory matching and intersensory transfer tasks of perceptions made in the aural and visual sensory modes at the first, third, and fifth grades. Subjects matched, as same or different, melodic phrases within the aural sensory mode (AA). In addition, they judged whether the shape of a stimulus (either contour-line graphs or melodic phrases) that was perceived initially in either of the sensory modes was the same or different from the stimulus paired in the opposite mode (AV or VA). The aural to aural intrasensory task (AA) was found to be significantly easier than either intersensory task at all grade levels. No significant differences were found between the AV and VA intersensory tasks at any grade level. The difference in mean-score gains for the AV task was found to be significant across grades three to five.     

Evaluation of a Local Improvement-Oriented Project for Citizenship Education

Abstract

This article reports the evaluation of a four-year ESEA Title IV political/citizenship education improvement project conducted in elementary and secondary schools of a large, southern metropolitan school system. The project designed and tested an educational improvement model which conceptualized the school as a system with interrelated components which influence student learning. The model focused on classroom teachers as change agents and provided them with five types of support channeled through other parts of the system. The model was first found effective for secondary grades and later for elementary grades. Both process and product were monitored to provide research data on the model. The results, implications and limitations are discussed.     

Family Structure and Parental Involvement in the Intergenerational Parallelism of School Adversity

Abstract

A theoretically informed model in which the effects of negative junior high school experiences of mothers on the junior high school experiences of their children were examined. The model was estimated with the LISREL VIII program using panel data from 1,144 mother–adolescent child pairs. Mothers were first tested in 1971 when they were 7th graders, and both mothers and their children were subsequently interviewed in the 1990s. Results reveal the existence of a significant relationship between mothers' negative junior high school experiences and those of their children, which is partially mediated by family structure, mothers' educational attainment, and level of mothers' involvement in their children's school activities and interest in their progress at school.     

Becoming a lecturer in further education in England: the construction of professional identity and the role of communities of practice

Further education colleges in England offer a wide range of post‐school education and training provision. Recently they have undergone major transformations that have resulted in considerable changes to the work of those teaching in them. In this paper we examine how cultures of learning and teaching in colleges are affected and how the nature of professional identity has changed. The paper considers the formation of professional identity amongst a group of trainee lecturers completing a one‐year full‐time teacher‐training course at a university in the English Midlands. Lave and Wenger's work on apprenticeship to communities of practice is used to examine the effect of trainees' teaching placement on the development of professional identity. Rather than identifying effective processes of increasing participation in existing communities of practice, a strong sense of marginalisation and alienation amongst trainees was observed. The paper argues that this is detrimental both to trainees and experienced lecturers if they are to actively engage in building new forms of professionalism for the future.     

德国成人继续教育学院筹建之初的另类理论——述评马克斯·舍勒的业余大学创建理论

在德国成人继续教育学院成立的萌芽期,马克斯.舍勒主张只有成立与大学Universit.a.t并列的业余大学Volkshochschule,才能满足不同背景的人对高等教育的需要。业余大学建构理论具有时代的真知灼见性,舍勒提出的成人继续教育(业余大学)就是专业、职业技能技术提升教育的观点,不仅是德国的成人继续教育筹建的另类理论基础,在我国当代成人继续教育的发展中仍能找到现实的案例。