Physical Education as a Prerequisite for the Possibility of Human Virtue

This article examines the role of physical education in the process of moral education, and argues that physical education is a necessary prerequisite for the possibility of human virtue. This discussion is divided into four parts. First, I examine the nature of morality and moral decision-making. Drawing on the moral theories presented by Plato, Aristotle and Kant, I argue that morality is connected with reason and the attainment of objectively good goals. Second, I examine the role of moral education in helping individuals to cultivate a virtuous character state. I outline the approaches to moral education taken by Plato, Aristotle and Kant—dialectic, dogmatic and catechistic—and examine the ability of each approach to develop the appropriate moral disposition within individuals. Third, I examine the cultivation of this disposition by considering the connection between virtue and happiness and the possibility of producing an individual who is both virtuous and happy through moral education. Fourth, although there is disagreement about the means of moral education, I argue that there must be agreement concerning one necessary component of moral education: physical education. Physical education, while connected to non-moral exercises, allows individuals to develop the strength to become apathetic to bodily desires (e.g. the desire to obtain pleasure or pursue pain), desires that lead them away from virtue.     

知识产权人才培养与创新型经济的发展——以南京市为例

联系南京区域经济发展的实际,从宏观、中观、微观三个层面提出了南京创新型经济发展应当具有的特点;指出了知识产权人才在南京创新型经济发展中的作用,从数量和素质方面阐述了南京创新型经济发展对知识产权人才提出的基本要求,在分析南京高校知识产权人才培养现状的基础上提出了三种知识产权人才培养模式。     

科技型初创企业知识产权融资的问题与对策

中小企业融资难的问题一直被广泛关注,对于缺乏有形资产作为担保要件的科技型初创企业而言更甚。本文从我国现行的相关法律制度出发,重点探讨了科技型初创期企业利用知识产权获得质押担保贷款的主要障碍和解决思路。     

What’s the use of ethical philosophy? The role of ethical theory in special educational needs

This article examines the relevance of modern moral philosophy to education, with particular reference to special educational needs. Where moral philosophers explore the tension between utilitarian and deontological reasoning, they often consider the balance between the rights of the individual and the benefits or costs for the majority. I argue that the debate is predicated on a false dichotomy between minority and majority which is best overcome by a return to virtue ethics. In exploring this ethical debate, I draw on a case study from Australia of a student excluded from mainstream education on the basis that inclusion will not serve the greater good of the majority of students. My intention here is not to offer practical guidance in the complex day-to-day deliberations of educators dealing with issues of inclusion, but to elaborate the structure of the present thinking about inclusion. It is hoped that an appreciation of the deeper basis of ethical reasoning will itself lead to a greater recognition of the need for exploring the ethical grounds of teaching and learning. I will argue that any dichotomy between the utilitarian happiness of the many and the deontological commitment to the rights of the individual is based on a misconception of human identity. The false choice between the many and the one rests upon the assumption that morality is fundamentally about restricting personal preferences in favour of the good of the majority, that there exists a fundamental conflict between what is good for the individual and what is good for society as a whole. This will lead me to argue that we need to reinterpret human identity as constituted by its social relations and that this reorientation is best achieved by reference to virtue ethics.     

湖州市知识产权战略研究

随着经济全球化进程的加快和知识经济的迅猛发展,知识产权制度的重要作用正在日益显现。目前我国很多地区（包括湖州市）的知识产权工作还刚刚起步,还存在高层次专业人才缺乏、发展不平衡、企业的知识产权工作亟待加强、科技创新资源还不够丰富等问题。因此,有必要以原有的知识产权优势为基础,制定和实施知识产权战略。文章剖析了湖州市知识产权的基本现状和存在的问题,提出了湖州市知识产权发展的对策,期望对湖州市知识产权的创新发展有所启示。     

儒学的特质和基本精神

中国儒学，以“六经”、“四书”等十三经为主要经典，其化思想体系主要包括：人主义；道德主义；传统主义。“天人合一”、“中庸”、“有为”是中国儒学的基本精神和品质。     

论大学德育创新

做好新形势下的德育工作．必须在继承的基础上大力推进德育创新。高校德育工作要与时俱进，开拓创新。确立以人为本的德育工作的新理念以及国家利益至上、在集体中求得发展、诚信受益、在创业中实现人生理想的教育主题：营造高品住的文化氛围作为德育工作的新栽体。深化对德育工作的认识，提高德育干部的素质，注意方法创新、手段创新、载体创新。高扬改革旗帜，增强发展意识，树立创新观念，用改革精神激励自己，用发展的要求审视自己，用创新的办法完善自己，努力使德育工作体现时代性、把握规律性、富于创造性。     

政德之辩的历史考察及理性思考——兼论现代中国“德治”的合德性

政、德关系是体现现代性本质的重要问题,也是困扰中国＂德治＂的难题。把政德之辩这一议题纳入到具有普遍性的政治哲学框架中,置政、德于哲学视域中进行探讨,可实现一种现代政治哲学叙事。在叙事中进行反思,能够明晰政治体系的建构及维持皆依赖于道德的价值支撑,揭示极端政治道德化及道德政治化治理模式的弊端。现代中国＂德治＂要避免陷入这两种模式,必须保证政治权力的合德性,注重社会资本的发掘,妥善处理德法次序问题。     

影响奥林匹克知识产权侵权问题的经济因素

奥林匹克标志日益显示出它特定的市场价值和社会效应。正是基于这种巨大的无形资产,社会中出现了越来越多的奥运商标侵权问题。回顾了已有研究对影响奥林匹克知识产权侵权的5个因素的论述并指出其不足,从经济视角系统分析了造成侵权的市场转型、比较效益、信息成本和传统经济4个方面的因素,提出应该从法律角度和宣传角度双管齐下对奥林匹克标志进行保护。     

Doing right in business: can action learning develop moral sensitivity and promote ethical behaviour?

The question addressed in this paper is whether action learning as a management development technique can be more effective in promoting ethical decision-making than more traditional approaches. Recent examples of moral failures which have emerged in both corporate and public sector organisations in the UK during recent years have prompted a review of some of the literature about the teaching of business ethics in and by business schools. While the use of theoretical approaches to ethical analysis (such as consequentialist and deontological approaches), coupled with the discussion of scenarios or cases is a common way of structuring the teaching of business and organisational ethics, it may be limited as an approach insofar as it does not necessarily address the affective aspects of the learning process which contribute to the development of moral sensitivity and moral character. It is suggested that an action learning approach may help fill this gap, particularly if coupled with an Aristotelian focus on the development of moral character. Action learning as a technique seeks to replace instruction with facilitation, and to enable individual personal growth rather than the acquisition of knowledge. It emphasises practical action in the workplace and working with peers as part of an action learning set. The action learning method may be more suitable to fostering both technical/scientific wisdom (poeisis) and practical or prudential wisdom (phronesis) and could be adapted for use with both business students and practising managers.