Relationships between the use of test results and US students’ academic performance

In this study, we examined relationships between the use of test results and US students’ math, reading, and science performance in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2009. Based on a literature review, we hypothesized that the 16 items in the PISA school questionnaire, which are related to the use of test results, can be categorized according to 4 factors. We validated this hypothesized factor structure using a confirmatory factor analysis and then obtained composite scores for each factor. As revealed by a multilevel analysis, when student and school demographic variables were controlled for, using test results to hold schools accountable to authority and the public was significantly positively related to students’ performance across all 3 subjects. No statistically significant relationship, however, was detected between students’ performance and the following uses of test scores: informing parents of their children’s performance, providing information for instructional purposes, and evaluating teachers and principals.     

关于单一简单问题的学生团体反应时间分布参数估计与运用

介绍在计算机局域网环境条件下进行单一简单问题测试,收集学生团体的反应时间分布数据并加以处理的基本方法,给出时间反应分布参数的矩估计结果,初步探讨学生团体反应信息的有效运用问题。     

高利害测验项目的负面影响：科举于美国的历史借鉴

中国古老的科举制度具有1300年的历史,在促进社会进步和文化繁荣的同时也产生许多负面社会问题,最终积重难返并导致自身的覆灭。美国高利害测验项目是联邦政府近十年来为了推行教育问责制度而在全国推广的州级统考和高中毕业考试,在取得一定正面效果的同时也产生了许多负面影响。由于高利害测验在美国的实施时间相对较短,其长期影响尚未可知,但目前的一些弊端与科举流弊具有高度相似性。了解科举的负面效果对预见美国高利害测验未来可能产生的危害具有借鉴意义,便于美国政府防患于未然。     

Comparison between Chinese and American Infant Family Education

正I.Features of Chinese and American Infant Family Education As we know,with the development of the world,the parents are required to establish a new scientific concept about family education of infants which includes the remodeling of parents’roles,proper construction of infants’intelligence quality and proper attitudes towards infants’improper behaviors and habits.There are great different between Chinese and American culture,thus the infant family education are     

超临界CO2萃取白簕叶总黄酮工艺的研究

采用超临界CO2萃取白簕叶中的总黄酮化合物,通过单因素试验和正交试验,研究了超临界萃取条件（压力、温度、时间、CO2流量）对其总黄酮的影响.实验结果表明,最佳提取条件：萃取压力20 MPa,萃取温度35℃,萃取时间1 h,CO2流量20 L/h.白簕叶总黄酮提取值为2.929 mg/g.     

Enhancement of anatomical learning and developing clinical competence of first‐year medical and allied health profession students

Hands‐on educational experiences can stimulate student interest, increase knowledge retention, and enhance development of clinical skills. The Lachman test, used to assess the integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), is commonly performed by health care professionals and is relatively easy to teach to first‐year health profession students. This study integrated teaching the Lachman test into a first‐year anatomy laboratory and examined if students receiving the training would be more confident, competent, and if the training would enhance anatomical learning. First‐year medical, physician assistant and physical therapy students were randomly assigned into either the intervention (Group A) or control group (Group B). Both groups received the course lecture on knee anatomy and training on how to perform the Lachman test during a surface anatomy class. Group A received an additional 15 minutes hands‐on training for the Lachman test utilizing a lightly embalmed cadaver as a simulated patient. One week later, both groups performed the Lachman test on a lightly embalmed cadaver and later completed a post‐test and survey. Students with hands‐on training performed significantly better than students with lecture‐only training in completing the checklist, a post‐test, and correctly diagnosing an ACL tear. Students in Group A also reported being more confident after hands‐on training compared to students receiving lecture‐only training. Both groups reported that incorporating clinical skill activities facilitated learning and created excitement for learning. Hands‐on training using lightly embalmed cadavers as patient simulators increased confidence and competence in performing the Lachman test and aided in learning anatomy. Anat Sci Educ 7: 181–190. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.     

Conceptions of giftedness and expertise put to the empirical test

Recent handbooks of giftedness or expertise propose a plethora of conceptions on the development of excellent performance but, to our knowledge, there are no comparative studies that provide empirical evidence of their validity to guide researchers and practitioners in their adoption of a particular conception. This study sought to close that gap by conducting an empirical comparison of the major approaches to giftedness and expertise currently in use: the IQ model, the performance model, the moderator model, and the systemic model. The four models were tested in a longitudinal study with a sample of N = 350 German students attending university preparatory schools; 25% of the sample had been assigned to special classes for the gifted. The construct and predictive validity of the four models were tested by means of structural equation modeling. Theoretical considerations along with our results indicated a differentiation among the models whereby some could only predict while others could also explain the emergence of excellent performance and thereby yield valuable information for the design of interventions. The empirical comparison of the approaches showed that they were unequally suited for the two challenges. For prediction purposes, the performance approach proved best while, for explanations, the moderator and systemic approaches were the most promising candidates. Even so, the latter did demonstrate conceptual and/or methodological problems. The IQ approach was superseded by the other approaches on both prediction and explanation. Implications and limitations of the findings are discussed.     

全脑开发的现代诠释

全面开发大脑就是对脑的潜力进行全方位的开发,近年来,脑科学研究的重大进展对全脑开发的教育理论与实践有重要的借鉴作用。     

智能化实验室教学管理模式

结合作者多年的实验室教学管理经验,对传统实验室教学管理模式中存在的一些问题进行了探讨,提出一种新的智能化实验室教学管理模式。该模式运用先进的计算机智能系统,便于实现实验室的开放教学,网络化,智能化,同时提高实验室的安全性保障。     

飞机结构静强度与疲劳试验双向加载技术研究

选取橡胶块胶板式、聚氨酯密封胶灌注式和双组分PU密封胶灌注式三种加载块与飞机结构模拟件粘接后,采用MTS810液压伺服疲劳试验机通过施加拉-压双向载荷的静强度和疲劳寿命试验方法完成了可行性研究,然后在某型飞机减速板进行了双向加载试验的考核验证,从而发展了一种施加拉-压双向载荷的试验方法。该方法能够满足复杂飞机结构静强度和疲劳试验中施加拉-压双向载荷的技术要求。试验结果表明,与传统加载所采用的胶布带相比,三种形式加载块的静强度、疲劳性能和加载速率均有明显提高。