当代大学生恋爱动机特点及教育建议

采用自编大学生恋爱动机问卷,用分层随机取样的方法抽取2014名大学生作为有效测试的被试。结果表明,当代大学生恋爱动机总体上是积极的,主要以情感性与婚姻性的积极动机为主,但在消遣性上存在显著的年级、性别、是否独生子女、专业类型、恋爱情况、家庭教养方式差异。根据当代大学生的恋爱动机的发展特点,从个人、学校、家庭方面进行相应的恋爱动机教育。     

Modelling parenting styles,moral intelligence,academic self-efficacy and learning motivation among adolescents in grades 7–11

The current study investigated the associations between three maternal and paternal parenting styles, moral intelligence, academic self-efficacy and learning motivation in three serial mediation models. Omani adolescents enrolled in 7th to 11th grades (N = 296) responded to an online survey containing demographic items and scales measuring the variables noted above. Results of Path Analysis indicated that the three models had a good overall fit. In detail, the three paternal styles (authoritative, authoritarian and permissive) had direct associations with moral intelligence and indirect associations with learning motivation. However, only two maternal parenting styles (i.e., authoritative and authoritarian) correlated directly with learning motivation and these two styles did not associate with moral intelligence. All effects were in the hypothesized direction except the effect of authoritative maternal and paternal styles. Moral intelligence had a positive direct correlation with students’ academic self-efficacy and learning motivation. Moral intelligence also mediated the negative associations between three types of fathers’ parenting styles and students’ motivation. Academic self-efficacy had a positive association with students’ motivation. These findings provided useful insights about the various association between external factors (e.g., parenting styles), internal factors (i.e., moral intelligence and self-efficacy) and students’ motivation among adolescents in middle and high schools.     

浅谈激励教学法在数学教学中的应用

激励就是激发和鼓励。本文分析了激励在数学教学中的作用，并介绍了几种有效的激励辅助手段，旨在数学教学中提高学生的积极性。     

论语码转换的动机

语码转换是现代语言交际中的常见语言现象之一，而一定的交际行为总是受一定的动机支配的。笔者从社会语言学及心理语言学的角度出发对语码转换的动机进行了分类分析，以期加深人们对该现象的认识与了解，从而更好地加以利用，为有效交际服务。     

利用影响线计算力偶作用时梁的内力和反力

将力偶分解为等值、反向、平行的两个力,当荷载(集中荷载、分布荷载和力偶)位置已知时,利用影响线计算梁的内力和反力,并与截面法计算结果作一比较。     

Understanding teachers’ motivation for and commitment to teaching: profiles of Chinese early career,early childhood teachers

ABSTRACT

To better understand the reasons underlying attrition and the teacher shortage, and to develop ways to attract and retain high-quality teachers in early childhood education, it is necessary to explore teacher motivation and commitment to teaching. Although previous research has investigated various aspects of teacher motivation and commitment to teaching, little attention has been paid to this in the context of early childhood teachers, especially early career teachers. Drawing upon in-depth interviews with 12 early career, early childhood teachers in mainland China, this study aims to examine early career early childhood teachers’ motivation to teach and commitment to teaching in the Chinese context. Four distinct types of early career, early childhood educators were identified: committed passionate, committed compromiser, undecided, and uncommitted. Each of these had unique motives for teaching and different levels of commitment to kindergarten teaching in mainland China. The four types of early career early childhood teachers identified in this study demonstrate the diversity and complexity of teaching motivation and commitment to teaching in the field of early childhood education. The findings from this study can provide implications for policy-makers and teacher educators to enhance novice teachers’ motivation and commitment to teaching in the early childhood context.     

Reasons for suboptimal learning in medical microbiology

Medical microbiology presents a challenge to undergraduate students, mostly due to its extensive content and complexity of unfamiliar terminology. In addition to a narrative review of the literature, we report findings on students’ motivation for and approach to learning in the Infections module of an undergraduate medical curriculum, and their perceived lack of retention of knowledge acquired in the module, as determined by a self-administered, anonymous questionnaire. When students experienced information overload, they reverted to performance goals and the wrong motivation for learning. Their focus turned primarily to being successful in tests and examinations, and they consequently adopted a surface approach to learning. Surface learning and memorisation of facts without understanding its content usually result in moderate retention of knowledge, which could handicap the development of clinical reasoning. However, the concern about students’ perceived poor retention of knowledge can be laid to rest – the prognosis is not discouraging after all.     

Differential prospective relationships of social-oriented and individual-oriented achievement motivations with achievement goals and affective wellbeing: A 1-year follow-up study

This study aimed to investigate the differential prospective relationships of social-oriented achievement motivation (SOAM) and individual-oriented achievement motivation (IOAM) with student's adoption of specific achievement goals and their affective wellbeing (AWB). A total of 332 Chinese university students (M_age = 19.139; Female = 75%) voluntarily participated in the baseline and the 1-year follow-up surveys of this study. The factor score path analysis results showed statistically significant positive paths from SOAM and IOAM at baseline to performance goals and mastery goals, respectively, at follow-up. Moreover, a statistically significant positive path was found from SOAM at baseline to negative affective experiences, at follow-up, and no association was found between IOAM and AWB, after controlling for achievement goals. The findings suggest the usefulness of raising educators' and parents' awareness regarding the double-edged sword of utilizing socially valued motives to promote performance approach goals in individuals because such values potentially lowering their psychological wellbeing.     

藏族大学生数学学习心理及其相关因素调查报告

对甘南合作民族师范高等专科学校藏汉双语理科教育系的藏汉双语数学教育专业8个年级的153名学生,就数学学习的动机、情感、兴趣、态度、意志和认识6方面进行问卷调查,发现大学生与中小学生具有基本相同的心理特征,在部分动机因素、认识、意志和态度等方面大学生比中小学生有所提高。应增加中小学课程中的应用性知识、突出师范性、教师变换角色．体现学生主体、教师主导的作用,用书面语施教、加强教师的继续教育和促使学生家长了解社会。     

浅淡有关温度和内能的几个问题

本文讨论了温度和热量这两个热学中常用的物理量,阐述了两者的关系,并联系热力学第一定律,分析了与之相关的内能、功和热量等概念,对功和热量的异同之处提出若干看法。