麻省理工学院新工程教育改革的形成、内容及内在逻辑

麻省理工学院进行的三次工程教育改革举世瞩目。2017年8月,该校启动了新一轮工程教育改革,其宗旨是培养能够引领未来产业发展的领导型工科人才,改革的内容涵盖工程教育的出发点、重心、教学方式和发展方向,体现出多重逻辑:从现实到未来的取向,从学科和心理的分离到整合,从学科隔离到跨学科合作,从工程实践的回归到工程教育育人本质的回归等。虽然此次改革仍存在质量保障及认证等方面的问题,但大胆创新的麻省理工精神却再次引发各国关注。该校能否以此改革契机,开启第四次工程教育改革新时代,引领世界高等工程教育发展的新方向,成了举世关注的焦点。     

利用布尔方法对馆员知识自律影响知识共享定性比较

馆员知识自律模式体现了馆员知识转移行动并把自身最有利的知识应用到工作中,使复杂的知识从内化到外化得以知识共享。根据馆员自律特征,采用布尔代数方法,对表示馆员条件进行布尔代数定性比较。分析馆员知识自律特征结构以及和知识转移、知识共享关系。揭示馆员知识自律特征和知识转移和共享管理之间的联系,为馆员提供支持知识转移合适条件。     

从优选论视角看非英语专业大学生汉英句子翻译错误现象

受母语汉语的影响，中国学习者在学习英语的过程中常常会产生负迁移现象。该研究调查了贵州师范学院非英语专业大学生汉英句子翻译的错误现象，并从优选论视角分析了错误翻译的成因。该研究对于大学英语翻译教学来说有很大的参考价值，同时有助于中国英语学习者了解汉英两种语言的异同，寻找汉英句子翻译的规律，以便在翻译中更好地传达句子意思，从而达到有效的沟通和交流。     

The Metamorphosis of Industrial Designers from Novices to Experts

Professional training for designers is crucial in the field of design studies. The characteristics of novices versus those of expert designers have been identified in the literature; however, studies exploring the issue of professional training processes in the actual workplace are not well developed. Our study addresses the topic by using qualitative research methods along with flexible design. Collected data from the interviewees with different work experience were analysed by open, axial and selective coding. Herein, we argue that the processes by which a designer transforms from a novice into an expert in the industry are constructed through the interaction of several complicated factors. The re‐learning inherent in design professions is implemented through knowledge transfer gained from participation in design projects, particularly regarding tacit knowledge. Also, the novice's process of learning and training yields the characteristics and skills that companies and firms require of designers; this process involves a series of disciplinary sub‐processes, from destructive to reconstructive, implemented by employers. In these sub‐processes, the subjectivity of designers is neglected, leading to the suppression of imaginative expression and feelings of alienation among these workers.     

Exploring an intervention’s impact on everyday school activities

The focus of this paper is on a group of pupils with reading and writing difficulties who have been participating in an intervention study using assistive technology. That intervention study contained supervised training sessions with reading and writing tasks using an iPad with special supportive applications. The current study is a qualitative investigation of whether there has been any transfer from the intervention, to the pupils’ everyday school activities. Interviews with pupils and their teachers and observations during classroom lectures have been used to collect data. The results show that the pupils were positive to the assistive technology (the applications on the iPads), they found the apps easy to learn how to use and they appreciated the benefits they could give. Even so, only a few of the pupils had found use for and continued to use the tools after the intervention period finished. Possible reasons are that when the novelty wore off, students reverted to their usual study habits and that older students with many teachers and different classrooms were less able to adapt to using the apps. To improve transfer, it is suggested to introduce assistive technology earlier to students, in the younger grades, before study habits have been formed and to inform teachers about the use of AT in the classroom, including what is available and how it can benefit students.     

建设服务型政府的内在制度从道德教育的角度谈中国服务型政府建设

在工业化的中国建设后工业化的行政管理模式——服务型政府,首先要做的是打下良好的价值基础,解决中国社会转型所带来的一系列诸如信仰缺失、道德滑坡等问题。从服务型政府内在制度的建设入手,建立明确的指标体系,通过招聘、培训、固化等一系列方法,重塑行政机关领导及公务员的道德价值体系,建设道德政府,进而推动整个社会价值体系的重建,为服务型政府的建设和实现社会主义和谐社会作出努力。     

"为天强派作诗人"--袁枚散馆外放的"前因"及其婉拒乾隆临幸随园考论

袁枚由翰林散馆外放江南知县,因其试清书最下等,更有其前馆课作《清说》等原因;但是,袁枚却归之于乾隆“强派”其如此。其33岁致仕,实与失望于乾隆皇帝有关。进而有在乾隆第二次南巡时,袁枚婉拒尹继善葺随园接驾之议。就出处大节而论,袁枚不愧是我国封建社会晚期一位尚有独立人格的知识分子。     

论转让定价手段对企业全球化经营的作用

转让定价是跨国公司实现全球利润最大化绩效目标的重要手段。我国对外开放不能只引进处来直接投资(FDI)，我国企业还应开展国际化生产经营。我国企业国际化经营可以借鉴跨国公司转让定价策略，扬其所长，避其所短。但为促进我国企业国际化的进程，企业对转让价格的作用必须有比较清醒的认识。     

P-V图与热力学第一定律中的诸量

通过讨论热力学系统在准静态过程ΔE、A、Q诸量与P－V图中过程曲线之间的关系，可直接从P—V图上判断内能的增减、做功正负及热量交换的方向。     

英语阅读中母语迁移的调查研究

文章通过问卷调查和访谈的方法,对三组不同英语水平且母语均为汉语的学习者进行调查研究。本研究调查了在英语阅读中母语对材料的理解、阅读的技巧、阅读的速度的作用以及学习者利用母语和把有关材料翻译成母语的情况,通过SPSS对数据进行分析,并且将不同英语水平的学习者的情况进行比较分析。结果显示,英语水平高的学习者更善于利用母语的正迁移。