我国竞技体育在国际体坛中的定位与发展

我国竞技体育经历了旧中国的＂东亚病夫＂和新中国的＂体育强国＂两个不同的发展阶段。1984年洛杉矶奥运会以来,新中国竞技体育在国际竞技体坛表现出迅猛的发展势头。本研究梳理了近30年来我国竞技体育代表团历届奥运会和亚运会的竞技表现,认为：（1）我国竞技体育已是国际体坛竞争力很强的国家;（2）我国竞技体育已跨入世界竞技体育强国之列;（3）我国竞技体育在亚洲地域范围,稳居亚洲竞技体坛排头兵的位置;（4）我国竞技体育已步入国际体坛格局的＂发达国家＂时期。     

基于国际商务交际的合作原则与礼貌原则运用

商务英语专业的高职学生由于缺乏语用学的知识,在国际商务活动中会出现一些跨文化交际障碍。文章通过几则国际商务交际事例,阐明在国际商务交际活动中,中西方对应遵守的合作原则和礼貌原则的不同运用,以及这些原则内部各次准则之间可能出现的冲突,旨在提醒教师注意培养商务英语专业学生的跨文化意识从而提高他们的国际商务交际能力。     

在国际贸易中对劳工权益进行保护的应有内容及其意义

在国际范围内制定相应的规则,建立理性的价值评价体系的前提下,确定了国际劳工权益保护应包括劳工享有结社自由和集体谈判的权利、废除强迫劳动、废除童工劳动、同工同酬以及消除就业歧视等内容,同时详细阐述了国际劳工权益保护体现了公正、秩序、自由、平等、效益等价值,具有重要的意义.     

Attentional focus in endurance activity: new paradigms and future directions

After more than 35 years of investigation, research on attentional focus in endurance activity is still mired by a lack of consensus. Specific challenges relate to the conceptualisation of association and dissociation, and discrepancies in methodology, research design, and data collection techniques. This review addresses previously unresolved issues that may limit research findings in this field. Initial concerns include how the endpoint of exercise tasks is defined, how pace is controlled, and the subjects employed within research investigations. An additional objective is to provide direction for future investigations. Traditional views of attentional focus may be limited in their explanatory value. We present a new working model of attentional focus in endurance activity that may more precisely categorise cognitive processes. Finally, research on this topic needs to be grounded in a recognised framework that captures the dynamic nature of human cognition. We propose that existing perspectives are recognised, such as the parallel processing model of pain and the mindfulness approach, and in addition we propose a metacognitive perspective be explored. Means of integrating these conceptual frameworks are suggested to further enhance the understanding of attentional processes in endurance activity.     

国际化大都市视域下市民外语素质提升的操作性研究

西安在建设国际化大都市的进程中,其市民的外语素质和人文素养成为衡量和制约国际化大都市发展的一个重要方面.文章从西安在建设国际化大都市过程中市民外语素质提升的基础和条件分析入手,提出了市民外语素质提升的目标定位,进而对西安在建设国际化大都市进程中市民外语素质提升的可操作性和具体实践进行了详细的阐述,希望该研究能够进一步提高对国际化大都市背景下市民外语素质提升的重视,为政府等相关部门制定政策提供一定的依据和参考借鉴价值,从而更好地实施西安国际化大都市建设的重大战略.     

我国普通高校田径课程改革的国际化趋势

田径运动课程是世界各国大学体育教育中的重要内容,我国大学更是将田径作为体育教育的基础课程予以开设,但由于教育理念和教学方法等诸方面的原因,田径运动课程并没有受到学生的普遍欢迎.因此,吸取国外大学田径课程改革的成功经验,走国际化的田径课程改革方向就显得十分必要和迫切了.学习和借鉴田径课程改革中国际上的通行做法和积极进行国际间的课程交流是田径课程国际化改革的方向.     

兴奋剂问题的高学历化倾向初探——基于外显和内隐的态度研究

兴奋剂问题的高学历化倾向日益引起社会对高校竞技运动发展的担忧,而针对高校兴奋剂问题的干预,将其关在规则的牢笼里具有重要的社会价值和现实意义。本研究基于双态度理论模型,采用自我报告和IAT实验深入地分析高校运动员兴奋剂使用的内在驱动机制和容忍度,并提出侧重高校大学生认知和行为层面的干预,强化其规则意识以及降低其对兴奋剂的容忍度是促进高校竞技体育回归本原的重要着力点,进而更好的实现运动员、竞技体育和整个社会的和谐发展。     

多维关联规则数据挖掘在船舶价格影响因素分析中的应用

为研究船舶价格的影响因素,以Clarksons发布的1980—2011年间船舶价格月度数据为基础,运用多维关联规则数据挖掘技术,分别建立新造船价格、二手船价格、拆船价格及船舶综合价格多维数据模型.选择载质量为120 000~199 999 t的油船价格数据进行关联规则数据挖掘分析,结果显示该方法应用于船舶价格影响因素的分析是可行的,结论对航运企业船队更新和船舶投资有一定的参考作用.     

Game interruptions in elite soccer

Abstract

The objectives of the study were to analyse game interruptions of league soccer in detail and the tactical use of game interruptions. Sixteen matches of a German first league soccer team were observed. An observational system was designed to assess interruption types, score, duration of interruption, location of interruption, time of interruption and number of occurrences. Results showed that there is an average of 108 interruptions per match. Throw-ins (40) and free kicks (33) were most frequent. Goal kicks (17), corner kicks (10), substitutions (4), and kick offs (3) occurred less often. Drop balls, penalties, and injuries occurred least often. For 38% of the total match time observed, matches were halted. The mean duration of running and interrupted match parts were 32.1 s and 18.7 s, respectively. The analysis showed significant differences concerning the influence of the location of interruption, score, and time of interruption on the duration of different interruption types (P < 0.05). The results of the study showed the tactical use of game interruptions during league soccer matches, e.g. goal kicks of the leading team take longer towards the end of the match. Examining game interruptions has turned out to be a valuable source of information adding to our knowledge of soccer. We have shown evidence that the durations of many interruptions serve tactical purposes, a well-known hypothesis in practice.     

‘Connected to Something’: Soccer and the Transnational Passions,Memories and Communities of Sydney's Italian Migrants

This paper explores the importance soccer can play in the lives, identities and memories of migrants by drawing on 32 oral history interviews conducted with Italians who settled in Sydney in the 1950s and 1960s. Sport can provide an illuminating lens for analysing the experience of migrants, because not only are sports sites of individual, regional, national and transnational identities, they can also facilitate social inclusion or, conversely, become sites of exclusion. Soccer in Australia is often celebrated as a multicultural game. At the same time, the expressions of the complex histories of migration, colonialism, exploitation and racial and ethnic discrimination that have shaped the game have often been silenced. The interviews show that soccer has been a key site of negotiation, agency and at times resistance for first and second generation migrants. We also argue that, while it is the de-ethnicisation of soccer that has understandably dominated media, political and academic debate, the concern of these migrants in recent years has been mostly with the loss of memory and with the removal of an important history made of shared relationships and bonding experiences.