导游职业能力层次构建与递进式培养策略探析

导游职业能力层次直接决定了导游的个体素质,关系到导游职业发展前景。文章对导游岗位职业能力要求进行了分析,细分了导游职业能力结构的三个层次,从职业特定能力、关键能力以及核心能力三个方面提出了导游职业能力阶梯塑造的策略。     

‘To Canada with Love’: Satchel Paige and Baseball Diplomacy

Satchel Paige's gala baseball performances in Canada had meaning at multiple levels when assessed within the context of US–Canadian relations, individual and national identity, race, the struggle for equality and the place of culture – sport and baseball in particular – in international relations and diplomacy. Paige was one of baseball's foremost globetrotters, and the premier African-American baseball ambassador without portfolio. His pitching talents and economic importance ignited passions across the borders, commencing in the 1920s and continuing over four decades. He rarely travelled less than 40,000 miles a year throughout the USA and to foreign shores wherever duty called, and there was the promise of a good payday. The great fireballer for hire and other star black ballplayers relished playing south of the border because of the freedom from Jim Crow. It is often overlooked that they loved playing north of the border as well, in Canada in particular. That play, as argued here, had symbolic and substantive international significance.     

Digit ratio (2D:4D) and performance in elite rugby players

Abstract

The relative length of the second and fourth digits (2D:4D) is a putative marker for prenatal testosterone. Low 2D:4D has been reported to correlate with high performance in sport in general. Here, for the first time, we examine the relationship between 2D:4D and performance in elite rugby players. The 44 players (28 forwards, 16 backs) were drawn from the Ospreys Rugby Union Club and 44 age-matched controls. The measures of performance comprised age-adjusted number of international performances (caps) for Wales, a comparison of coaches' first-choice League team with others, and the number of tries scored by backs in club matches. Compared with controls, players were larger and had lower 2D:4D for the right and left hand. With regard to number of caps, players with low 2D:4D in their right hand and low right 2D:4D compared with their left (right ? left 2D:4D difference) had high numbers of caps. First-choice players did not differ significantly from second-choice players in their 2D:4D but they did have a lower right ? left 2D:4D difference than second-choice players. Low right 2D:4D and low right ? left 2D:4D difference were significantly linked with large numbers of tries. We conclude that low right 2D:4D and low right ? left 2D:4D difference are predictors of high rugby performance.     

从第四到第一：中国对美科学合作的位次转变

以Thomson Reuters公司的Science Citation Index-expanded为数据源,选取2006-2011六年的中美合作论文为样本,从科学计量学的视角分析了香港对中美合作论文增长的贡献,中美合作论文的维度结构,并从平均增长量和平均增长速度两个方面,确定了对中美合作论文贡献最大的学科领域。最后,探讨了中国成为美国第一科学合作国的原因。     

中英工程领域合作的文献计量学研究"

以Web of Science收录论文数据为研究对象,多角度分析中国与英国在工程领域的国际合作状况。着重比较中国与美国、德国、日本以及印度的合作状况。评价论文影响力时,采用Loet Leydesdorff提出的综合影响指标(Integrated Impact Indicator:I3)。20世纪以来,中国在该领域的研究进入快速发展期;中国的国际合作产出呈指数性增长,主要合作伙伴包括美国、英国、加拿大、新加坡、日本、澳大利亚等;中英合作对于英国论文产量的贡献率快速增长,而对中国的贡献率则增长极为缓慢;中国在工程领域影响力增长显著,国际合作对于提升中国或英国在该领域的影响力均具有很大促进作用。     

养老保险改革的国际经验与我国的现实选择

“统账结合”的养老保险制度在我国已经运行十几年时间,存在代际不公平、个人账户空账运行以及老龄化背景下财务不可持续等问题。本文试图通过分析世界养老保险改革的演进过程中积累的经验,为我国养老保险改革提出相应的建议。     

国际分散化生产约束了我国出口技术结构升级么？——基于省级动态面板数据GMM方法

 摘 要：通过修正和完善Schott（2006）模型,本文构建了一个测度出口技术结构的新方法,并借助该方法结合我国31个省级区域HS码的65章产品出口数据,测度了2002-2008年我国各省级区域的出口技术结构。在此基础上,运用两步法系统GMM估计从东、中和西部三个区域层面研究了国际分散化生产对我国出口技术结构的影响。得出的主要结论有：首先国际分散化生产对我国出口技术结构的影响表现出先负后正的V型特征;其次近年来,我国各省级区域出口技术结构均有明显提升,但并不像Rodrik(2006) 测度的那么高,且区域间出口技术结构有“多均衡收敛”的发展趋势;最后我国出口技术结构有着与普通发展中国家不同的提升模式,外商直接投资对我国出口技术结构的提升作用具有显著的边际递减效应。     

高校大学生网络政治参与研究——以上海三所高校为例

大学生作为受教育程度较高,政治意识较强的青年群体,在国家政治生活中扮演着重要的角色。网络的迅速发展为大学生参与政治提供了新平台,网络政治参与成为大学生政治参与的新范式。大学生网络政治参与面临着参与广度和深度不够,参与态度和动机复杂、参与手段和结果失范等问题,引导和规范大学生网络政治参与,需要相关职能部门、高校和大学生自身共同努力。     

基于项目课程的高职导游英语有效教学研究

当前高职导游英语教学缺少趣味与创新,与导游行业联系不紧密,在很大程度上成了普通英语精读课程、听说课程的翻版,教学有效性有待加强。把导游英语课程按照工作领域分解工作任务,开发并实施项目课程,是提升高职导游英语课程教学有效性的一个重要途径。