Developmental effects of child abuse: A review

Most research investigating the effects of physical child abuse on children's development has been based on uncontrolled or poorly controlled studies having small samples, no long-term follow-up, and weak instrumentation. These studies, as well as some which have been more carefully designed, have generally suggested seriously detrimental developmental consequences in physical, intellectual, behavioral, and emotional areas. Some recent controlled follow-up studies challenge such a negative picture of abuse. In particular, a study by Elmer, which is probably the most carefully conducted study yet done, found that the harmful effects of abuse dissipated years after the abusive incident and that socioeconomic status (SES) and related factors may be more important than abuse in determining the course of child development. To improve the quality and clarity of future research on developmental effects of child abuse, this paper discusses, in four major areas, problems which plague the research. Definition: The extent, type, and frequency of abuse should be more carefully defined to allow studies to be compared. The types and amounts of social service interventions should also be specified. Generalization: Research should include more middle and upper SES children, more of the mildly and moderately abused, and more neglected children to allow generalization to the total population of maltreated children. Causality: Since developmental deficits may be the cause as well as the effects of abuse and because outside factors such as SES may lead to both the abuse and the deficits, there is a need for large-scale longitudinal studies which can untangle the cause and effect web of abuse by following children from birth and measuring many factors which might affect development (e.g., SES, birth abnormalities, abuse). Statistical Analysis: Future studies should always use statistical analysis and should obtain larger samples and utilize outcome and classification measures with demonstrated reliability and validity to increase statistical power.     

Equation based rate control scheme for video streaming over wireless channels with link level ARQ

INTRODUCTION Video streaming applications generally require continuous high bandwidth guarantees as well as stringent bounds on delays and jitters (Shen et al., 2004; Hassan and Krunz, 2004). Providing video streaming with acceptable quality degradation over wireless channels is fraught with challenges due to the adverse influence of bandwidth limitation, time variation, high error rate, and so on (Etoh and Yo- shimura, 2005; Shen et al., 2004; Chen and Zakhor, 2004; Hassan and Krunz, …     

文化碰撞中的价值诉求——论贝娄小说中犹太性元素与美国文化的碰撞

评论界对美国犹太作家马拉默德、辛格等作品中的犹太性因素分析甚详,但却对索尔.贝娄作品中的犹太性分析较少,即使提到也是一笔带过。虽然贝娄本人总想避免贴上“美国犹太作家”的标签,但他始终关注着犹太人的精神世界的生活,在他的作品中也充满着大量犹太文化的因素。贝娄笔下的主人公继承了犹太人的沉思传统,保持着传统的女性观、金钱观、家庭观,在与美国文化的碰撞中继续自己的精神追求。     

构建和谐社会的思想道德教育诉求

社会主义和谐社会是人与自然、人与社会、人与人之间的相互和谐全面进步的社会,充满了对思想道德方面的要求。发挥思想道德教育的育人功能,促进人内在精神的和谐;发挥思想道德教育协调人际关系的功能,促进人与人之间的和谐;发挥思想道德教育价值导向的功能,促进人与社会的和谐;开发思想道德教育的生态价值,促进人与自然的和谐。     

体育赛事观赛礼仪的基本内容与要求

运用文献资料法、类比法等探讨了体育观赛礼仪的分类、基本内容与要求,认为体育赛事的观赛礼仪包括入场礼仪、观赛礼仪、退场礼仪等基本礼仪与测速类、测距类、计量类、计数类、评分类等项目群礼仪,其基本内容与要求也各具特点.     

绑架罪既遂的认定

绑架罪既遂标准的通说观点使得绑架罪的既遂过于提前,而要求绑架行为实际勒索到了财物或实现其他不法要求的观点,则使绑架罪的既遂过于推后,甚至取消和否定了绑架罪的既遂。绑架罪应以行为人实施绑架行为后向人质的关系人提出不法要求为既遂标准。     

吉林大学图书馆开展网络图书荐购服务前期工作探讨

图书馆馆藏的建立除了应由采访人员负责选书之外,还应该积极鼓励读者参与。在当今网络时代,基于网络的图书荐购服务成为很多图书馆的选择。吉林大学图书馆在开展此项服务之前对开展图书荐购服务的背景、需求、运行模式、系统功能需求等问题进行了深入的分析和探讨,初步确定了开展图书荐购服务的工作方案。     

大学利益相关者利益要求及实现方式

以z大学为例,利用专家评分法对其利益相关者进行界定并筛选出利益相关者的利益要求及实现方式.设计了利益相关者的利益要求及实现方式调查问卷表并实施调查,把问卷结果进行数值转换后录入SPSS16.0软件进行处理,计算出各类利益相关者不同利益要求得分均值,然后进行均值比较和配对样本T检验,判断这些排序是否具有统计意义.结果证实了不同类型利益相关者对z大学有不同的利益要求,并且对各种利益要求的重视程度存在差异;同时,不同类型利益相关者对z大学有不同的利益要求实现方式,并且对各种利益要求实现方式的重视程度存在差异.大学应采取适当的利益相关者管理策略,实现大学与利益相关者的利益最大化目标.     

大学利益相关者利益要求与实现方式的实证研究

以Z大学为例,利用专家评分法对其利益相关者进行界定并筛选出其利益要求及实现方式,设计了利益相关者的利益要求及实现方式调查问卷表并实施调查。结果证实了不同类型利益相关者对Z大学有不同的利益要求,并且对各种利益要求的重视程度存在差异;同时,不同类型利益相关者对Z大学有不同的利益要求实现方式,并且对各种利益要求实现方式的重视程度存在差异。大学应采取适当的利益相关者管理策略,实现大学与利益相关者的利益最大化目标。     

汇编语言写音乐程序

利用汇编语言开发了一个具有一定娱乐性和实用性的音乐程序。