HIV母婴阻断的研究进展

人类免疫缺陷病毒(H IV)的广泛流行已成为全球最为瞩目的公共卫生问题和社会问题.据估计全球每年大约有220万妇女和60万儿童感染H IV,其中90%的儿童是通过母婴传播途径感染的,所以进行H IV母婴阻断对控制H IV的流行具有非常重要的意义.目前主要的母婴阻断方式包括抗逆转录病毒治疗、剖宫产及人工喂养等.     

试谈依赖型人格障碍的治疗

依赖型人格障碍(DPD)的治疗问题是一个比较困难,同时又极具有现实意义的问题。我们应从分析依赖型人格的特点入手,确立依赖型人格的治疗目标,进而实施从认知—行为疗法、团体疗法、药理疗法等多方面的治疗,并在此基础上,关注在依赖型人格治疗中出现的一些问题。     

Review:Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS): the mechanism,present strategies and future perspectives of therapies

INTRODUCTION OF ACUTE LUNG IN- JURY/ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYN- DROME (ALI/ARDS) Acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe form, the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are syndromes of acute respiratory failure, which was defined by radiological (bilateral lung field infiltrates) and physiological (the ratio of arterial oxygen pres- sure and the inspiratory oxygen concentration, Pa O 2 /Fi O2≤300 mmHg for ALI and ≤200 mmHg for ARDS) criteria in…     

介入治疗371例冠心病并发症临床分析

目的:分析冠心病患者冠状动脉介入治疗的并发症发生率、发生原因和防治措施.方法:应用回顾性调查的方法对在本院心内科于2002.9～2004.5月完成冠心病介入治疗371例的主要并发症进行统计分析.结果:我科进行冠状动脉介入治疗共371例;总并发症发生率5.12%,冠状动脉痉挛1.62%、急性闭塞0.27%无再流1.08%,室颤0.27%、冠状动脉夹层1.35%、支架内急性血栓形成0.54%等.结论:随着经验的积累和介入器械的改进,介入治疗并发症发生率降低,但仍应引起介入医师的重视.     

耳鸣的治疗新法

耳鸣分为两类:主观性耳鸣与客观性耳鸣,不同的病因要先对因治疗.目前行之有效的对症治疗新法有:习服疗法、维生素疗法、纳洛酮疗法、利多卡因疗法与硝苯啶疗法.     

正向行为支持法干预孤独症儿童问题行为的个案研究

研究应用正向行为支持法,对一名孤独症儿童表现出的两种带有刻板和自伤性质的问题行为进行了干预,旨在验证该方法对干预孤独症儿童问题行为的有效性,并对干预的过程进行实践探讨。治疗小组基于前期行为分析的结果,制定针对性的干预计划,运用了前提控制、消退、区分强化等行为矫正策略,进行为期约三个月的干预。总的研究过程包括行为功能分析和干预实施等五个阶段,每个阶段都通过问卷和观察等形式收集数据,最终通过数据对比得出结论,认为:对孤独症儿童的行为问题,应注重外部因素也就是从环境因素中寻找其原因;采用正向行为支持法的策略来分析和处理孤独症儿童行为问题是有效的;在孤独症儿童干预中应关注其身心特征,采取有针对性的教学训练策略。     

通过随笔辅导促进学生心理健康

随笔作为一种比较自由的写作方式，可以实现心理辅导的意义表达、情绪宣泄、沟通与建构功能。在开展学生心理辅导过程中，教师通过学生的随笔了解学生，与学生对话，引导学生在随笔中吐露心声，反思生活，建构意义。教师在通过批语或面谈与学生对话中要坚持平等、理解、鼓励的原则。另外也可以通过随笔展示开展师生间、生生间的对话，以扩大辅导效果。     

Perceptions of Play Therapy in Taiwan: The Voices of School Counselors and Counselor Educators

The current status of play therapy in the elementary schools of Taiwan was investigated in relation to its compatibility with Chinese culture and its potential for wider societal adoption. Seven participants, four counselor educators and three elementary school counselors, in West Taiwan participated in this phenomenological qualitative inquiry. Seven assertions emerged from the interviewing data, implying that the potential for adopting play therapy in Taiwanese school counseling is embedded in the society. However, there are insufficient facilities and a lack of play therapy resources. Further investigation of the infrastructure in school counseling is necessary. Suggestions for practice and research regarding the development of play therapy and child counseling are presented.     

Dialectical Behavior Therapy in College Counseling Centers: Current Trends and Barriers to Implementation

The purpose of this study was to examine trends and barriers in implementation of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) programs in college counseling centers (CCCs). Participants were 107 CCC employees who participated in an electronic survey. One third of respondents endorsed use or planned use of DBT at their centers. The most prevalent primary mode of DBT offered was group skills training. Highly endorsed barriers to implementation included productivity demands and lack of individual therapists, time for team consultation, and willingness to offer phone coaching. Suggested implementation strategies include developing community partnerships, use of virtual teams, supporting programs with campus data, and adapting DBT strategically.     

“思想咨商”的叙事疗法

思想咨商是化解求助者思想症结的人文关怀活动。思想症结是当事者在特定事件中生成的。叙事是对特定事件的述说。叙事之述说是对事件发生和发展过程的描述,也是按照述说者的感受或理解而对事件进行的语言重构。由于事件的发生与当下的叙述之间具有时间差,述说可以让当事者获得对事件的新解读;由于事件载负了当事人的情感体验,而解读事件亦有可能揭示其中蕴含的事理。"思想咨商"的叙事疗法旨在借助所叙之事的共同感受而与求助者实现"共情";借助所叙之事内蕴的事理解读而与求助者达成"共识"。由共情而共识,因通情而达理,有助于化解求助者的思想苦惑,实现思想解惑疗愈目的。