A minimally invasive approach to undergraduate anatomy teaching

Anatomy is one of the cornerstones of medical education. Unfortunately, sufficient evidence has accumulated to suggest a worldwide decline in the resources and time allocated to its teaching. Integration of anatomy with clinical medicine has been frequently advocated as the solution to this academic crisis. Consequently, new ways of harnessing clinical relevance to the teaching of anatomy must be sought to make it applicable to contemporary clinical practice. Human cadavers have been used to teach laparoscopic skills to surgical trainees for some time. More recently, centers in the United States have piloted the use of minimally invasive techniques in the teaching of anatomy to undergraduates. We believe that the use of laparoscopy on human cadavers may also be used to complement the teaching of anatomy to United Kingdom and European medical students. This would not only familiarize students with the topography and morphology of human anatomy, but also with the concept of manipulating anatomical structures to achieve a clinical outcome. Other benefits include improved three‐dimensional orientation, increased dexterity, and development team‐working skills amongst students. A UK feasibility study is currently underway. Anat Sci Ed 1:46–47, 2008. © 2007 American Association of Anatomists.     

赣南师范学院(黄金校区)访花昆虫物种多样性研究

为了解赣南师范学院黄金校区访花昆虫种类,笔者于2010年10月-2011年10月开花期间在校园内采用随机取样和系统取样法,以网捕和手捕方式采集访花昆虫并进行鉴定.结果表明:师院校园共有访花昆虫135种,分属于7目,39科.从目级分类阶元物种数量水平上分析,鳞翅目>膜翅目>鞘翅目>双翅目>半翅目>蜻蜓目>同翅目,其中优势访花昆虫种类为意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)、黑带食蚜蝇(Episyrphus balteatus)和异色瓢虫(Harmonia axyidis).     

微创PLIF治疗腰椎间盘突出症手术特点及护理方法

目的探讨微创PLIF治疗腰椎间盘突出症围手术护理。方法回顾性总结和分析45例接受微创PLIF手术治疗经过和护理过程。结果经过平均12个月的随访,所有患者手术过程顺利,未见感染、深静脉血栓等并发症发生。通过围手术期指导和护理,患者克服了对手术的恐惧等心理障碍;术后能正确配合医生医嘱,积极预防各种术后卧床期间并发症,积极康复训练,患者术后腿痛VAS评分和JOA下腰痛评分明显优于术前。结论微创PLIF治疗腰椎间盘突出症手术围手术期的护理对患者康复,减少并发症具有重要意义。     

微创经皮肾镜治疗肾盏憩室并结石

目的：探讨经皮肾镜技术治疗肾盏憩室结石的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析18例诊断为肾盏憩室并结石患者临床治疗资料。其采用B超结合C臂引导下定位穿刺建立经皮肾通道碎石成功,根据个体情况运用扩张憩室盏颈或电灼憩室囊壁两种方法处理肾盏憩室。结果：本组患者均获穿刺碎石成功,手术时间45～120（65．8±7．89）min,无严重并发症;术后随访3。24个月,憩室消失9例,明显缩小8例,1例虽结石复发但可保守观察。结论：经皮肾技术治疗肾盏憩室结石是微创、有效、安全的治疗手段。穿刺路径选择、小心建立通道以及憩室盏颈的处理是治疗肾盏憩室结石成功的关键。     

Factors Influencing Schoolchildren's Responses to a Questionnaire in Wildlife Conservation Education

Questionnaires are important tools for assessing attitudes regarding conservation issues. However, they are not easily comparable and their reliability has been insufficiently assessed. We examined factors influencing responses to open- and closed-ended questions about animal conservation to more than 600 schoolchildren (9 years old on average). We analysed the level of understanding, controllable (e.g. sample size) and less controllable factors (e.g. affectivity). Most children responded appropriately to the questions, but subtle changes in the phrasing influenced the answers. Affectivity towards endearing species and spontaneity also influenced the responses whereas small sample sizes (～50 children) provided relatively stable patterns. Overall, we suggest that standardization of questionnaires administered over large spatial and time scales is needed to accurately assess children's attitudes towards conservation issues.     

一类具有相互干扰的功能反应捕食系统的捕获分析

研究一类具有相互干扰功能反应的捕食-食饵系统.对正平衡点的局部渐近稳定性和全局稳定进行了详细说明,证明了系统在正平衡点处是全局稳定的,并利用Pontrjagin最大值原理及最优控制理论,得到该系统的最优捕获策略.所得结果改进和推广了相关文献的主要结果.     

双桥水库供水工程区草本植物群落物种多样性

采用样方法对水城县保华乡双桥水库工程区草本植物群落特征进行了调查研究。结果表明：水库工程区草本植物群落样方中,种密度为6.167×10^4种/hm^2,个体密度为8.067×10^6株/hm^2,主要以禾本科、菊科、唇形科、蝶形花科等科的植物占优势;草本植物优势种群在不同程度上均表现为集群分布;6个样地中,Simpson指数和Shannon指数的平均值分别为0.680和2.170,表明其物种多样性较丰富。     

双桥水库供水工程建设区木本植物群落特征

采用样方法对六盘水市水城县保华乡拟修建的双桥水库工程区木本植物群落特征进行了调查。结果表明：水库工程区植被型多为亚热带常绿-落叶阔叶混交灌丛林,以桦木科、蝶形花科、壳斗科、蔷薇科、杜鹃花科、藤黄科、忍冬科、漆树科等科的植物占优势;木本植物优势种群在不同程度上均表现为集群分布;所调查的7个样地中,Simpson指数和Shannon指数的平均值分别为0.756和2.630,表明其物种多样性较丰富。     

Resistance towards calcium induced bilirubin dependent hemolysis in porcine erythrocytes

Hemolysis of erythrocytes from human and porcine blood was studied at different calcium chloride (CaCl₂) concentrations (0.04–1.83 mM) and at a constant bilirubin concentration (72 mM). Although, human erythrocytes showed significant hemolysis (64%) at the highest CaCl₂ concentration (1.83 mM) used in this study, remarkable resistance to this phenomenon was observed with porcine erythrocytes as only 11% hemolysis was observed. A similar pattern in the behavior of both human and porcine erythrocytes was observed when parameter such as bilirubin concentration or time of incubation with bilirubin was varied. Other divalent cations such as Mn²⁺, Ba²⁺ and Mg²⁺ were either least effective or ineffective in inducing hemolysis in presence of bilirubin. Serum albumin played a protective role in this phenomenon in a concentration dependent manner, as no hemolysis was observed at a bilirubin/albumin molar ratio of 1:1 or less. Differences in the structural make-up of proteins and lipids in the erythrocyte membranes of the two species may account for their different behavior.