The differential effects of prior knowledge on learning: A study of two consecutive courses in earth sciences

We studied the occurrence and nature of learningin a university first year Introduction toGeomorphology course, and its relations with priorknowledge taught in a prerequisite course, and withthe prior knowledge in the to be learned subjects. Tendimensions of knowledge were tapped before and afterthe course by conventional and cognitive structuremeasures that were derived by the concept mappingmethodology. The fine-grain analysis of learningoutcomes yielded the following results: (a) studentsacquired only a small portion of the content in thecourse Introduction to Geomorphology, (b) the priorgeological and geomorphological knowledge did notaffect the learning of the new geomorphologicalcontents, (c) the minor effects appeared within ratherthan across knowledge dimensions, and they affectedmainly the learning of smaller knowledge units, and(d) concept definition cannot be considereda valid probe of knowledge. The differential effects of prior knowledge question thecentral, global and undifferentiated role that schematheories ascribe to prior knowledge in futurelearning. They call for greater reference to theexposed dimensions of knowledge by suggestingadditional factors to be considered in the sequencingof courses, as well as to the acquisition of complexknowledge with partial meaning of the basic knowledgeunits, and the use of new cognitive structure probesof knowledge.     

一矩阵方程组的反射解

We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence and an expression of the （anti）reflexive solution with respect to the nontrivial generalized reflection matrix P to the system of complex matrix equations AX = B and XC = D. The explicit solutions of the approximation problem min x∈Ф ｜｜X - E｜｜F was given, where E is a given complex matrix and Ф is the set of all reflexive （or antireflexive） solutions of the system mentioned above, and ｜｜·｜｜ is the Frobenius norm. Furthermore, it was pointed that some results in a recent paper are special cases of this paper.     

The interplay between self-determined motivation,self-regulated cognitive strategies,and prior achievement in predicting academic performance

The present study examined the interplay between self-determined motivation and the use of cognitive strategies in predicting university students’ academic performance while taking into account the effect of prior achievement. A theory based model was tested using structural equation modeling on a sample of 764 Italian university students. Results showed that prior achievement influenced students’ academic performance and their motivation and use of cognitive strategies. Critical thinking was the only cognitive strategy which proved to have a significant impact on students’ academic performance. Autonomous motivation had an indirect positive impact on academic performance through its influence on the critical thinking strategy. Controlled motivation had a direct negative impact on academic performance. On the whole, our findings suggest that autonomously motivated students tend to achieve better academic performance by using critical thinking, while students who are driven by controlled motivation have lower academic performance.     

教育优先发展的战略抉择和推进轨迹

教育优先发展是党和国家提出并长期坚持的一项重大方针,其形成和发展呈现出与时俱进的发展轨迹。教育优先发展战略地位的确立和推进具有重大的理论意义和实践价值,可激发全党和全社会对优先发展教育事业的高度重视和广泛认同,并有力地推动中国特色社会主义教育事业的改革和发展。     

一对称矩阵方程组解的研究

给出了四元数体上一对称矩阵方程组有斜埃尔米特解的充分必要条件,并得到了此方程组的斜埃尔米特解的一般表达式。应用主要结果讨论了四元数矩阵A和B矩阵有共同的斜埃尔米特广义逆的充要条件及斜埃尔米特广义逆的表示。     

论网络媒体和传统媒体的角色差异——郭德刚事件舆论传播解读

郭德刚事件由公众人物与媒体之间的司法纠纷演变成一场有关公共道德和社会风气的大讨论.传统媒体在事件中大都持批评郭德刚的立场,网络舆论则经历了由"倒郭"到"挺郭"的转变,造成传统媒体和网民立场差异的根源是公众对传统媒体舆论监督的越位及公权力介入公共讨论的不满,以及网络舆论的"反沉默螺旋"效应.郭德刚事件凸显了权力与公众冲突时传统媒体与网络媒体的角色差异.     

基于Universum学习的核聚类方法

为解决原始核聚类(Kernel Clustering, KC)中模式信息不足、聚类结果不佳的缺点,以KC为基础,利用Universum学习带来的优势,提出基于Universum学习的核聚类(Universum learning based Kernel Clustering, UKC)方法.首先利用Universum学习生成相应的Universum模式,再利用KC算法把数据集分割成多个簇,最后利用每个簇中所包含的Universum模式和训练模式来更新该簇,从而使得这些簇更加合理.实验表明,该算法可以更好地改善聚类效果和分类器的分类性能、泛化能力和计算效率.虽然该方法的步骤比KC多,但是其较好的聚类性能可以帮助人们处理分类问题.     

线性流形上次反对称矩阵的次特征值的反问题

讨论了线性流形上次反对称矩阵的次特征值的反问题,给出了解存在的条件,并给出了解的通式。本文充分利用了次单位矩阵的作用,将次反对称矩阵的次特征值的反问题转为反对称矩阵的逆特征值问题来解决。     

弹性力学习题一题多解的探讨

本文通过灵活运用弹性理论知识解题，达到巩固知识、培养分析问题和解决问题的能力。     

预科《基础化学》教学探索

对预科基础化学教学方法进行探讨和研究,并根据在教学实践中的体会,对基础化学教学提出一些意见和看法,建立了“以补带预”的教学模式.