我国知识失业现象的“托达罗模式”解读

知识失业问题在近些年日益突出,是困扰我国经济和社会发展的一大难题。托达罗人口流动行为模式为我们分析我国高等教育规模急剧膨胀从而形成知识失业现象提供了一个很好的理论框架。以托达罗人口流动行为模式为基础构建的基于两个部门（职业技术部门和高等教育部门）的人口流动模型表明：宏观上要大力发展经济、增加就业岗位;微观上高等教育的学科设定以及办学规模要及时地根据人力资源市场信息进行调整,并大力发展职业教育。     

关于完善棚改回迁居民就业机制的博弈分析

解决棚户区改造回迁居民的就业与再就业问题,让他们住得进,住得起,住得稳,并逐渐提高他们的生活水平,是当前民生工程的一项紧迫任务。失业者就业问题,归根结底是失业者作为一个整体与政府之间的博弈。我们通过建立博弈模型并进行分析,试图探求政府与失业者在就业问题上的博弈规律。在考证抚顺市棚户区改造回迁居民就业与再就业工作的基础上,对如何进一步完善棚户区改造回迁居民就业长效机制提出建议。     

Determinants of increasing duration of first unemployment among first degree holders in Rwanda: a logistic regression analysis

Unexpectedly, the duration of first unemployment among first degree holders has quickly increased in Rwanda after considerable loss of the skilled labour during the war and Genocide perpetrated against Tutsi in 1994. The time it takes a higher education graduate to land a first employment is a key indicator for the evaluation of and optimal investment in higher education. A long-term first unemployment has negative psychosocial and economic consequences, and is an interplay of diversified factors. Yet, these factors have not been ascertained in Rwanda, whereas their knowledge is crucial for an efficient planning of higher education and employability of the graduates. This study aimed to fill in this knowledge gap for the period 1998–2009. We fitted a binary logistic regression model to data from the 2010 Employer and Graduate Survey (n = 1007) that was conducted by the National University of Rwanda. The results showed that the duration of first unemployment was significantly associated to the graduate’s age, job search method, acquired skills, further graduate studies, monthly salary and category of employing institution. The results suggest that the higher education sector should identify and fill skills gaps in the existing curricula or its delivery with reference to the labour market requirements.     

High graduate unemployment rate and Taiwanese undergraduate education

An expansion in higher education in combination with the recent global economic recession has resulted in a high college graduate unemployment rate in Taiwan. This study investigates how the high unemployment rate and financial constraints caused by economic cutbacks have shaped undergraduates’ class choices, job needs, and future income expectations. Therein, the results obtained from a structural equation model indicate that students whose expenditures were most affected by the economic recession were in greater need of paid employment and were also more likely to take practical and credential courses, which resulted in heavier course loads. Clearly, the economic downturn and the consequential high unemployment rate have directed undergraduates to select more practical education, wherein they now prefer classes that are more likely to increase their employability. The results obtained in this study indicate that people use college courses to enhance their competencies and employability. Finally, regardless of the economic situation, female undergraduates expected significantly lower pay after graduation in comparison to their male counterparts.     

A psychosocial approach to shame,embarrassment and melancholia amongst unemployed young men and their fathers

This paper uses a psychosocial approach to explore young unemployed men’s resistance to work they describe as ‘embarrassing’ and ‘feminine’, in the context of the closure of a steelworks in a town in the South Wales valleys. In our psychosocial interview‐based study, with young men as well as their mothers and (where possible) their fathers, we found a community riven with complex feelings about masculinity and femininity, projected on to the young men in such a way as to almost scapegoat them. The experience of the young men was marked by embarrassment and shame. They feel bullied and shamed by their families, peers and others in the community for not being able to find gender‐appropriate work.     

近十年中国城镇青年失业问题研究回顾与展望

我国学者及社会各界对城镇青年失业问题十分关注,进行了大量探索并且取得十分丰硕的成果。本文在梳理我国城镇青年失业问题研究的基础上,重点对城镇青年失业问题现状与特征、产生原因、影响、治理策略进行归纳和总结。最后对城镇青年失业问题研究进行了述评及展望,明确进一步研究的方向和思路。     

保障生活·预防失业·促进就业——失业保险制度的改革与完善

现行失业保险制度存在保险覆盖面窄、功能界定不太科学、促进再就业功能弱等问题。失业保险制度有保障生活、预防失业、促进就业功能。改革和完善失业保险制度,要尽快出台《失业保险法》或《社会保险法》,建立失业预警制度,加大失业保险金对再就业的支出比例,加强再就业组织和培训的社会化,建立失业互助金帮助特殊群体,完善失业保险、低保与促进就业的联动机制。     

金融危机背景下的“新失业群体”研究——基于甘肃省民族地区分析

＂新失业群体＂是我国在经济发展中出现的一个特殊的群体,对这个群体的研究对于我国的经济、社会建设和发展尤其重要。在金融危机之后,我国这个群体出现有何新变化和新特征,其出现原因是什么,这是我们要切实思考和认真对待的。以往在理论界只是注重于＂新失业群体＂出现的主观原因,对于客观因素的影响却缺乏深入的探索。本文将立足于甘肃省民族地区的＂新失业群体＂,就主客观因素相结合,探索在金融危机之后的＂新失业群体＂,为促进我国的经济和社会发展提供理性的理论依据和实践依据。     

透视非自愿移民发展路径的一种新视角——资源挖掘机制研究

发展问题是非自愿移民群体长期面临的最根本的现实问题之一。本文立足于探讨“以人为中心”的非自愿移民群体的共生性发展问题。研究者从资源挖掘视角重新定义发展概念,将发展视为移民资源挖掘的实践目标,发展嵌入在资源挖掘行动实践过程中,而非自愿移民发展的关键是资源挖掘可行能力的发展。文章结合非自愿移民发展实践的例子,从行动、互动和结构三个层面系统阐述移民发展的资源挖掘机制。     

开发非就业劳动力

在从计划经济向市场经济转换的过程中,我国必然要面临着一些挑战,其中一个现实的问题就是大量的下岗和失业,而失业率的高低又影响着国家的经济发展。从信息方面来讲,由于信息的不对称,导致了劳动力失去了就业机会,要改变这种状况,可以建立一种劳动力中心的信息沟通模式来开发非就业的劳动力,从基本面提供一个充分开发劳动力的方法。