Multivariate Relationships of Specific Impression Cues with Teacher Expectations and Dyadic Interactions in Elementary Physical Education Classes

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the multivariate relationships of the impression cues of attractiveness and effort with teacher expectations and dyadic interactions in two elementary age groups of children. Three elementary physical education teachers and 128 children (K-3) served as subjects. The children were classified into two groups, one consisting of kindergarten and first grade children and the other second and third grade children. Physical attractiveness was determined from ratings of black and white photographs of each student. Student effort was determined by the ratings of the teachers according to the amount of expressed effort demonstrated by each student during physical activity instruction. Teachers were also asked to rate their students according to four expectancy variables. A dyadic version of Cheffers' Adaptation to Flanders' Interaction Analysis System was the observational tool used to describe teacher-student behaviors. For the older group only, teachers' expectations for the students' social relations, cooperative behavior and ability to reason significantly related to both impression cues. For the younger group, teachers' expectations for social relations and cooperative behavior were significantly related to teacher praise, direction-giving, criticism, and predictable student responses. For the older group, however, the teachers' expectation for cooperative behavior was significantly related to eight behavioral variables, especially to information giving and student-initiated responses.     

Study abroad information in the new media

Few studies have been conducted to identify what kinds of online information are provided by institutions and needed by international students in social media. This study aims to identify critical constructs of study abroad information (SAI) that can generate positive attitudes toward the university. Specifically, this study attempts to investigate the effectiveness of persuasive communication via social media among students looking to study abroad as well as examining their impacts on attitude change. This paper used the elaboration likelihood model to map out information processing flow of students looking to study abroad. Based on a series of qualitative and quantitative studies, the findings highlighted the importance of peripheral communication cues in influencing students’ attitudinal change toward overseas institutions and countries. This study uncovered that the peripheral cues mediate the relationship of study abroad online reviews and attitude change.     

反讽性典故和特·斯·艾略特的“传统观”

反讽和典故是特·斯·艾略特诗歌的两大特色。在其早期诗歌中,艾略特将两者结合起来,采取"反讽性典故"的手法,将典故中的人物和情节与其早期诗歌中著名的反英雄人物斯威尼和普鲁弗洛克相关联、并置和对照,以古讽今。反讽性典故的创作手法与艾略特尊重传统又强调将过去和现在有机结合的传统观是一致的。     

Self‐reported cues about deceptive and truthful communication: The effects of cognitive capacity and communicator veracity

One hundred four students watched a videotape of six communicators (three liars and three truthtellers) and were asked to judge the veracity of the strangers’ communication. In addition to judging deception, students reported which cites guided their veridical judgments. To limit their available cognitive capacity one‐half of the participants were given an additional cognitive task to complete (counting backwards from a number by 7) while viewing the videotapes. Results indicated that lie detectors with limited cognitive capacity reported using more vocal cues and fewer verbal cues than lie detectors whose cognitive capacity was not manipulated. Lie detectors with limited capacity were more accurate at catching liars and reported fewer truthful judgments than lie detectors in the high capacity condition. Overall, lie detectors reported using primarily demeanor cues and visual cues to distinguish truths from lies. Results also indicated that lie detectors’ beliefs about deception differed as a function of the communicators’ veracity. Specifically, when judging truthful communicators, lie detectors reported using fewer vocal cues and demeanor cues while relying on a greater number of verbal and visual cues as compared to lie detectors judging deceptive communicators.     

表层叙事结构:对史传文学英雄故事模式的讽刺性模仿--《阿Q正传》叙事文化学分析之一

《阿Q正传》表层叙事结构是对中国古代源远流长的史传英雄故事模式的讽刺性模仿,这个英雄故事模式主要由“出生寒微但少有大志———历经挫折磨难困苦———风云际会乘势而起———终于建立丰功伟绩”这几个基本环节构成,它们在《阿Q正传》中被作了贬低化、滑稽化处理,结果使得英雄豪杰的正剧或悲剧变成了小丑的滑稽性喜剧。     

跨文化交际中的语境观

跨文化交际行为活动,是言语符号与非言语符号的交往过程,更是语境对其信息、意义在主体间互动的制约导向过程.从语境的本体性认识来诠释"互境暗示"、"定位推理"和"语用连贯",是提高跨文化交际质量的关键因素.     

论沙汀短篇小说的审美特征

沙汀的短篇小说呈现出三个鲜明的审美特征简化人物关系和人物性格的复杂性、追求"客观化"的表述和现实主义的讽刺美.     

Letter to the editor concerning the article “Performance of gymnastics skill benefits from an external focus of attention” by Abdollahipour,Wulf, Psotta & Nieto (2015)

Abdollahipour, Wulf, Psotta, and Nieto (2015) recently published data in the Journal of Sports Sciences to show that an external focus of attention promotes superior performance effects (gymnastics jump height and judged movement form score) when compared to internal or control foci during skill execution without an implement involved. While we do not contest the veracity of findings reported, nor others that have been used to support beneficial effects of an external focus of attention, in this Letter to the Editor we comment on considerable methodological limitations associated with this and previous studies that, we suggest, have resulted in serious theoretical oversights regarding the control of movement and, most crucially from our practitioner perspective, suboptimal recommendations for applied coaching practice. Specifically, we discuss the lack of consideration towards translational research in this area, the problematic nature of attentional focus cues employed, interpretation of findings in relation to other applied recommendations and coherence with mechanistic underpinning and, finally, the representative nature of task involved. In summary, while (laboratory) research evidence may appear to be conclusive, we suggest that the focus of attention effects are in need of more ecologically valid and rigorous testing as well as consideration of current coaching practices if it is to optimally serve the applied sporting domain that it purportedly aims to.     

基底神经节与口吃

本文回顾了口吃和基底神经节功能障碍之间关系的相关文献,从基底神经节的时间线索功能缺陷、基底神经节运动环路的损伤、多巴胺系统异常等三个方面系统探讨了口吃者基底神经节功能障碍的机制。     

Interactivity in online chat: Conversational cues and visual cues in the service recovery process

Use of both verbal and nonverbal cues in computer-mediated communication can influence customers’ perceptions and their behavioral intentions. Drawing on the compensation effect theory, this study investigates how verbal and nonverbal cues used by customer service agents during online service recovery processes affect customers’ perceptions of service chat agents’ warmth and competence and their willingness to cooperate with a service agent to complete the service recovery process. A 2 (message interactivity cues: high vs. low) × 2 (visual cues: high vs. low) between-subjects experimental design is utilized to identify the main and interaction effects of verbal and visual nonverbal cues used in online communications on customers attitudes and behaviors. Results show that use of verbal cues leads to higher perception of a chat agent’s competence, but lower perception of a chat agent’s warmth while use of visual nonverbal cues results in higher warmth perceptions but lower competence perceptions. The interaction effect of verbal and visual nonverbal cues indicates that visual nonverbal cues have a compensatory effect on message interactivity and vice versa, such that customer-perceived warmth and competence are prone to trade-offs between verbal cues and visual nonverbal cues. Furthermore, perceived warmth and competence mediate the indirect effects of verbal and nonverbal cues on customers’ cooperation intentions. Theoretical and practical implications of use of verbal and nonverbal cues during online communications in service recovery processes are discussed.