Autoimmune thyroid disorders—An update

Background: Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), a common organ specific autoimmune disorder is seen mostly in women between 30–50 yrs of age. Thyroid autoimmunity can cause several forms of thyroiditis ranging from hypothyroidism (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis) to hyperthyroidism (Graves’Disease). Prevalence rate of autoimmune mediated hypothyroidism is about 0.8 per 100 and 95% among them are women. Graves’ disease is about one tenth as common as hypothyroidism and tends to occur more in younger individuals. Both these disorders share many immunologic features and the disease may progress from one state to other as the autoimmune process changes. Genetic, environmental and endogenous factors are responsible for initiation of thyroid autoimmunity. At present the only confirmed genetic factor lies in HLA complex (HLA DR-3) and the T cell regulatory gene (CTLA 4). A number of environmental factors like viral infection, smoking, stress & iodine intake are associated with the disease progression. The development of antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (TPO) thyroglobulin (TG) and Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSH R) is the main hallmark of AITD. Circulating T Lymphocytes are increased in AITD and thyroid gland is infiltrated with CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells. Wide varieties of cytokines are produced by infiltrated immune cells, which mediate cytotoxicity leading to thyroid cell destruction. Circulating antibodies to TPO and TG are measured by immunofluorescense, hemagglutination, ELISA & RIA. TSHR antibodies of Graves’ disease can be measured in bioassays or indirectly in assays that detect antibody binding to the receptor.     

高职数学中蒙特卡罗方法的应用

计算不规则图形面积问题时常用的方法,一般是先建立不规则图形的函数,再根据定积分公式来求其面积。考虑到高职计算机类学生数学基础知识差但对计算机程序熟悉的特点,采用蒙特卡罗方法,即通过计算机编程可以实现对高职数学中不规则图形面积的计算。实证表明将数学知识点结合学生的专业特点能起到较好的教学效果。     

论宋代制科与学风之关系

宋代制科有助于士人求名、求知与入仕,是推动宋人尚学风气的重要因素。宋代制科采取资格审查、阁试、御试三级考试制,以论、策为考试科目,要求应试者博学与才用兼备,但由于论、策题目的设置偏重于考察博学一面,对学风影响甚大。一方面,博习强记成为必要的备考功夫,士人要博览众书,谙熟政事,同时沉潜心志,积年而为;另一方面,节取题目成为有效的备考方式。制科与宋人崇尚博通的整体学风有一定契合,不应因其存在弊端就全盘否定。     

一种改进不规则采样信号频谱分辨率的算法

不规则采样信号的谱估计是时间序列分析中的一个重要问题。为改进不规则采样信号谱估计的分辨率,提出了一种抑制非均匀离散傅里叶变换频谱泄漏的算法,通过迭代非线性估计实现不规则采样信号离散傅里叶变换的计算。实际计算试验结果显示,这种方法能有效地抑制非均匀离散傅里叶变换结果中的频谱泄漏,提高DFT频谱的分辨率。     

Interference of anti-T4 autoantibodies in the single step free T4 radioimmunoassays

The thyroid hormone profile of a hypothyroid patient, with moderate sized diffuse goiter and history of exogenous thyroid hormone therapy, was found to be highly ambiguous. The total as well as free T4 levels were consistently high (out of range) with suppressed T3 (total and free) and elevated thyrotropin levels. We incubated the serum with the radio-iodine labelled T4 and observed that the patient’s serum bound about 50.5% of the total radioactivity resulting in 85.3% interference in the radioimmunoassay. On resolving the serum proteins by cellulose acetate electrophoresis, the radioactivity was detected in the gamma globulin band. The protein profile showed mildly raised levels of IgG. Therefore it was established that the patient’s serum carried T4 reactive antibodies (IgG) which were interfering in the immunoassays. Elevated anti-thyroid microsomal antibodies were also present in the patient’s serum. The anti-T4 antibodies were highly specific for T4 and did not show any cross reactivity with the T3 or its analogues used in the estimation of free T3. We stripped the serum by precipitating the immunoglobulins and were successful in estimating the levels of free T4 in the stripped serum by single step radioimmunoassy.     

克百威单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

本试验以人工合成的克百威免疫原免疫BALB／CF1小鼠,采用杂交瘤技术制备了5株能稳定分泌抗克百威单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。用培养扩增后的各建株细胞诱导小鼠生长腹水．腹水效价达10^-6～10^-7。琼脂双扩试验表明各单抗蛋白均为IgG,抗体蛋白均为IgG2a亚类。用辛酸-硫酸铵沉淀法纯化单克隆抗体腹水,并测定抗体蛋白含量为3～8mg／mL;用SDS—PAGE进行纯度鉴定,电泳图谱均显示了IgG抗体及其重链和轻链条带,分离的抗体纯度在90％以上。对纯化的单抗5E2进一步做交叉反应试验,与其他氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂残杀威、速灭威、灭多威、甲奈威、异丙威、仲丁威的交叉反应率分别为7．2％、4．5％、2．8％、7．9％、9．5％、8．9％,结果表明单抗5E2有较好的特异性。     

溃疡性结肠炎免疫学发病机理探讨及血清自身抗体检测

溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis，UC)是一种原因不明主要发生在结肠粘膜层的炎症性病变，以溃疡糜烂为主。其病因及发病机制目前尚无定论，但倾向性意见是UC与自身免疫紊乱有关，所涉及到的自身抗体主要归纳为两类，一类是抗结肠抗体(ACA)，另一类是抗人中性粒细胞胞质抗体(ANCA)。本文就溃疡性结肠炎免疫学发病机理及血清自身抗体检测的临床应用加以阐述，以便为UC病因学和诊断学的研究提供客观依据。     

隋唐科举制考论

隋代破九品中正而确立科举制，开创中国历史分科取士之先河；唐代进一步发展和充实了隋代的人才选拔制度，奠定了影响中国历史长达千年之久的科举制的基础。探讨二者之间的继承和发展，加深对古代科举制度的整体认识与了解。     

临床145份血清标志HBsAg,HBeAg,Anti－HBc与HBV－DNA的检测结果分析

本通过145份乙型肝炎血清标本免疫测定乙肝病毒抗原抗体及PCR检测结果进行统计分析，研究两种测定结果的临床意义及相关性。