我国田径运动职业化相关问题的研究

分析了当前我国田径运动职业化的现状,阐述了我国田径运动职业化发展的重要性,提出了我国田径运动在职业化发展的过程中应注意的问题:争取“两条腿”走路,做到优势项目与落后项目协调发展,处理好国家与个人、“奥运战略”与“全运战略”的关系,保证国际大赛中的“公平竞争”,避免忽视群众田径运动。     

运动心理测量两大理论的竞争与发展

现代心理测量理论与技术取得了很大的进展,传统心理测量理论受到了挑战与冲击.项目反应理论等现代测量理论的应用和推广,必将使运动心理测量进入一个新的发展阶段.但在一个相当长的时期内,基于经典测验理论的传统的心理测验不仅不会消亡,而且还会继续完善和发展.     

Using Multidimensional Item Response Theory to Evaluate Educational and Psychological Tests

Many educational and psychological tests are inherently multidimensional, meaning these tests measure two or more dimensions or constructs. The purpose of this module is to illustrate how test practitioners and researchers can apply multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) to understand better what their tests are measuring, how accurately the different composites of ability are being assessed, and how this information can be cycled back into the test development process. Procedures for conducting MIRT analyses–from obtaining evidence that the test is multidimensional, to modeling the test as multidimensional, to illustrating the properties of multidimensional items graphically-are described from both a theoretical and a substantive basis. This module also illustrates these procedures using data from a ninth-grade mathematics achievement test. It concludes with a discussion of future directions in MIRT research.     

2004年雅典奥运会中国夺金项目失分因素及对策分析

针对2004年雅典奥运会上中国体育代表团个别夺金项目的失分现象,从多方面进行了主、客观因素的分析．指出导致中国夺金项目失分的深层因素是日益严重的竞技体育功利化发展趋势,“举国体制’’和“奥运战略,,是中国奥运体育代表团成功的保障同时也是其巨大压力的根源。面对2008年北京奥运会,提出了科学规划奥运奖励机制等相关对策与建议。     

天津市第11届全运会参赛项目布局分析与启示

运用比较优势理论,对天津市第11届全运会竞技体育优势项目布局进行分析,探讨天津市竞技体育发展及备战第12届全运会的启示。研究结果表明:(1)天津市第11届全运会参赛项目中排球、网球、水球、击剑、沙滩排球、武术套路、跳水、柔道、游泳、自行车10个项目为比较优势项目;(2)比较潜优势项目有足球、乒乓球、体操、举重、跆拳道、田径6个项目;(3)保持比较优势项目竞争实力,提升比较潜优势项目竞争实力,结合项目特点,实现男女项目优势互补,资源共享,确保天津市12运会竞赛目标的实现及竞技体育整体水平的提高。     

跳动公差是形位公差的综合项目

跳动公差以其检测方便在回转类零件设计中被广泛使用。不少人认为:跳动公差是专为检测方便而设置的一种位置公差项目,国家标准形位公差(GB1182-80)也将跳动公差项目归类为位置公差。其实,跳动公差除了可以综合控制部分形位公差项目外,当跳动与零件的实际工作状态吻合时,就有其特定的功能和作用,所以说,跳动公差不是简单的位置公差,而是形位公差的综合项目。     

适应用户兴趣变化的协同过滤增量更新机制

高维、稀疏的用户-项目评分矩阵对基于项目的协同过滤推荐算法造成严峻的可扩展性问题.传统的解决方法是离线计算项目相似性并保存在系统中以供算法调用,但是不能充分利用最新评分数据以体现用户兴趣的变化.针对上述问题,提出了适合在线应用的协同过滤项目相似性增量更新机制,使得推荐系统在当前用户提交项目评分之后,能够实时完成相应项目与其他项目之间的相似性数据更新,从而推荐系统可以基于最新的项目相似性数据进行推荐处理,以适应用户兴趣的变化.实验结果表明,本文提出的项目相似性增量更新机制能够有效提高基于项目的协同过滤算法可扩展性.     

行为引导型教学法在《空调器原理与维修》课程中的应用

“行为引导型”教学法强调对人的关键能力的培养。在《空调器原理与雏修》课程教学中运用此法不仅能提高学生的关键能力。而且能使他们体验艰辛、发挥潜能。其具体过程包括确定项目任务、制定计划、实施计划、检查评估等环节,每一个环节都注重学生的广泛参与和主动实践。     

Teacher commitment and its effects on student achievement in American high schools

This study explored the effects of teacher commitment on student achievement. Three teacher commitment dimensions of organizational, professional, and student commitment were derived. The three-dimensional teacher commitment measurement model was tested by a confirmatory factor analysis. Then, the relationships among individual and organizational variables, teacher commitment, and student achievement were analyzed by a 2-level hierarchical linear modeling method. As the results, the greater portions of teacher commitment and student achievement variances were within schools. The individual and organizational variables had differential impacts on each teacher commitment dimension. Finally, while teacher commitment effects on student achievement were differentially found depending on teacher commitment dimensions at the individual level, there was no evidence to support significant impacts of teacher commitment on student achievement at the organizational level.     

Benchmarking the performance of Bhutanese students with the performance of the students from the OECD's PISA countries

Setting international benchmarks for education systems of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries is one of the goals of the OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). However, some countries are not able to participate in PISA, despite their desire to set international benchmarks for their education systems. This article presents a method of setting international benchmarks for a country's school education system, without necessarily participating in PISA, by designing a test using the test items released by PISA for public consumption. The method has been implemented in a study that involved 1,500 Grade 10 students across 60 schools in Bhutan. The students were administered a mathematics test constructed from the PISA Mathematical Literacy test items. The study showed that the performance of Bhutanese students was comparable with the performance of the students from the countries that participated in PISA 2003 and that Bhutan could learn from both high- and low-performing school education systems of those countries.