Is academic tracking related to gains in learning competence? Using propensity score matching and differential item change functioning analysis for better understanding of tracking implications

This study analyzes gains in cognitive components of learning competence with respect to cohorts based on ability tracking in a Czech longitudinal study. Propensity score matching is used to form parallelized samples of academic and non-academic track students and to eliminate the effect of selective school intake. We applied regression models on the total scores to test for the overall track effect. Furthermore, we analyze scores and gains on the subscores and check for differential item functioning in Grade 6 and in change to Grade 9. While after 3 years, no significant difference between the two tracks was apparent in the total learning competence score, we did, however, find significant differences in some subscores and in the functioning of some items. We argue that item-level analysis is important for deeper understanding of the tracking implications and may provide the basis for more precise evidence-based decisions regarding the tracking policy.     

关于旅游管理专业（本科）课程体系改革的思考

旅游管理专业（本科）课程体系结构认为“课程群”→“课程单元”→“单门课程”的系统组合形式，其核心结构为“素质教育课程群”，“专业基本教育课程群”和“专业发展教育课程群”的紧密联系和有机配置，课程体系改革强调整体优化格课程内容的创新与发展，充分体现旅游管理专业特征，强化实践环节，增强了人才对社会需求的适应性。     

Parameter Estimation Accuracy of the Effort-Moderated Item Response Theory Model Under Multiple Assumption Violations

As low-stakes testing contexts increase, low test-taking effort may serve as a serious validity threat. One common solution to this problem is to identify noneffortful responses and treat them as missing during parameter estimation via the effort-moderated item response theory (EM-IRT) model. Although this model has been shown to outperform traditional IRT models (e.g., two-parameter logistic [2PL]) in parameter estimation under simulated conditions, prior research has failed to examine its performance under violations to the model’s assumptions. Therefore, the objective of this simulation study was to examine item and mean ability parameter recovery when violating the assumptions that noneffortful responding occurs randomly (Assumption 1) and is unrelated to the underlying ability of examinees (Assumption 2). Results demonstrated that, across conditions, the EM-IRT model provided robust item parameter estimates to violations of Assumption 1. However, bias values greater than 0.20 SDs were observed for the EM-IRT model when violating Assumption 2; nonetheless, these values were still lower than the 2PL model. In terms of mean ability estimates, model results indicated equal performance between the EM-IRT and 2PL models across conditions. Across both models, mean ability estimates were found to be biased by more than 0.25 SDs when violating Assumption 2. However, our accompanying empirical study suggested that this biasing occurred under extreme conditions that may not be present in some operational settings. Overall, these results suggest that the EM-IRT model provides superior item and equal mean ability parameter estimates in the presence of model violations under realistic conditions when compared with the 2PL model.     

通风空调工程量清单与计价表中清单项编制的教学探讨

正确而全面地编制工程量清单与计价表中的清单项是计量与计价教学的重点和难点。本文以某通风空调工程为例,提出了"查表看图"的教学方法,实践证明取得了较好的教学效果。     

浅谈数学解题的书写坏习惯

影响数学成绩的因素有很多,解题是其中最关键的一步。因此,探索学生数学的解题和数学习惯,并寻求有效应对策略,既是提高学生成绩的体现,也是提高学生数学素养的有效途径。     

高校科研项目的筛选与立项管理刍议

科研项目管理是科研管理工作中的重要环节,是一个系统工程,贯穿于项目活动的全过程,渗透在项目的申报立项、实施、验收鉴定每一环节中,每一个环节的管理工作都对项目的顺利实施完成产生一定的影响。本文着重分析了当前影响高校科研项目申报质量的主要原因,提出如何加强科研项目在申请过程中的筛选、审核与立项等问题。     

基于多粒度二元语义的SGML文件信息检索模型*

将二元语义应用于评价SGML格式化的文件，并引入多粒度的方法，提出一种新的信息检索模型。多粒度方法为各元素设定不同粒度的语言模糊集，使得各推荐系统可以更合理更便捷的给出评价值，二元语义更有利于区分各文件与查询间的相关性大小。该模型的提出有利于提高检索效率。     

汉至清之“比”字句

汉至清三个时期的“比”字句均能表示平比、较比、差比三种比较关系,结构丰富,各有特点。“比”字相应地为等比动词、一般行为动词、介词。三种“比‘字句在各个时期出现频率的高低,标志着它们各自地位的不同,勾勒出“比”字句的演变轨迹。     

How We Used to Build the Future: 30 Years of Collection Development Trends

This session highlighted trends in continuing resource collections and collection management throughout the 30-year period from 1985 through 2015. Electronic resources became available in the 1990s and grew in prevalence from the 2000s through the present, changing the make-up of library collections and also how libraries measure collections and collection usage. Two librarians and two vendors shared their perspectives on these changes in collection development, describing how library collections now contain a combination of older formats and older ways of collecting data, and new, electronic content and automated ways of collecting and disseminating data about collections.     

Adaptive progressive download based on the MPEG-4 file format

In this paper we describe how progressive download and adaptive streaming can be combined into a simple and efficient streaming framework. Based on the MPEG-4 file format (MP4) we use HTTP for transport and argue that these two components are sufficient for specifying an open streaming architecture. The client selects appropriate chunks from the MP4 file to be transferred based on (1) the header information (i.e. the "moov" box) in the first part of the file and (2) his observation of network throughput. The framework is completely client driven which allows for better server scalability and reduces signalling overhead. We discuss architecture and implementation issues such as complexity, interoperability and scalability and compare to 3GPP PSS Re1-6 adaptive streaming when appropriate. Measurements from a simple MP4/HTTP streaming client are presented showing that appropriate chunks are selected such that increased reliability is achieved.