山东地区汉代合葬墓分析

山东地区发现较多汉代合葬墓。根据合葬人数,可以分为两人合葬、三人合葬、多人合葬三种。两人合葬基本为夫妻合葬。山东地区合葬墓墓葬形式的选择,在受汉文化同一主体影响下,既有共性又有地区特点。同穴夫妻合葬在汉代早期发现较少,西汉中期之后成为本地区夫妻合葬的主要方式;夫妻并穴合葬贯穿两汉,是本地区较为常见的合葬方式;三人与多人合葬大多属于西汉晚期或东汉时期。不同等级的夫妻合葬墓合葬方式选择上有所差异,高等级墓葬大多选用异穴合葬,一般中小型合葬墓多选择并穴或同穴合葬。并且根据墓主人级别不同,在墓葬大小、墓葬材质及墓室结构繁简程度上皆有区别。另外,家庭成员内部夫与妻、妻与妾之间尊卑等级,在墓葬中也展现一定特点,根据需要选择的埋葬方式又有所不同。     

高校教师科研与教学关系的思考

中间变量、科研成果类型、教学对象和教学评估指标是影响高校教师科研与教学形成良性互动的因素。强化科研、学科建设支持人才培养的理念,强化科研及其成果服务于专业教学的理念,运用同等激励机制促进教学和科研成果向教学转化,以及设计不同层次的教学、科研考核内容以促进人才培养,是解决问题的有效对策。     

掏槽爆破掘进效率的装药研究

通过对掏槽爆破的实验研究,利用火药和猛炸药的联合装药方式,改变了以往的单一装药结构．模拟实验的结果表明,联合协同装药结构与单一装药结构的掏槽效果有着显著的区别．前者的掏槽效果要优于后者;同时通过炸药水下的测试结果表明,改进以后的装药结构的冲击波峰值压力的持续时间明显提高,即联合装药的爆炸生成气体量要大于单一装药,为爆破工程上快速高效的掘进提供了理论依据。     

论地方院校研究生联合培养基地的构建

在新形势下积极探索研究生联合培养基地培养模式,对我国高层次创新型人才的培养有十分重要的作用。建立研究生联合培养基地,要充分结合自身的实际情况和特点,因地制宜,从实际出发,根据各类学校不同学科、特点,提出不同的要求和作法,并根据实际情况的改变而随时调整。     

虚假宣传保荐人归责问题辨析——由“三鹿奶粉案”引发的思考

《广告法》调整的主体是“广告主、广告经营者、广告发布者”,不包括个人。而在《食品安全法》的规制下,个人被列入虚假广告的责任主体范围。广告保荐人被课以严格责任和连带责任,成为民愤之宣泄口。保荐人的地位和经营者大不相同,在广告中也不具备独立的法律人格,其权利、义务统一于合同行为之中。广告保荐人和消费者的关系并不是对立关系。法律就不应当课以比经营者更重的严格责任,也没有理由让其承担所谓的连带责任。     

全渠道零售场景下配送车辆路径问题

为研究全渠道零售的配送系统对企业物流成本的影响,综合考虑时间窗、车型选择等因素,以运输成本最低为目标,建立高度协同的全渠道零售场景下的物流配送模型。该模型采用自适应遗传算法求解,利用MATLAB进行算例分析。结果显示:全渠道零售模式下的车辆调度方案能迅速响应消费者需求,与一般配送模式相比可以减少物流成本,优化车辆配置。与粒子群优化算法相比,自适应遗传算法的运行时间更短、优化结果更好,这验证了模型和算法的可行性和有效性。     

共同侵权连带责任的两个问题

共同侵权行为的构成要件及无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人共同致人损害的责任承担,是处理共同侵权连带责任案件的两个重要问题。由于民事责任重在补偿受害人损失,为有效保护受害人利益,对共同侵权的构成要件宜采“客观说”;由于无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人共同致人损害是由监护人承担替代责任,为平衡监护人、被监护人、受害人三者利益关系,不宜让监护人一律承担连带责任。     

Leg amputation side determines performance in curve sprinting: a case study on a Paralympic medalist

The lower limb kinetics of curve sprinting in amputees are not well described in the literature, particularly with respect to the effect of the side of amputation. This is an issue due to the importance of the knowledge for prosthetic design and classification of athletes. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of side of amputation on curve sprinting performance in athletes with a unilateral leg amputation. A three-dimensional motion analysis system (Vicon), four force plates (Kistler) and a modified mathematical human model (ALASKA) were used to compare clockwise and counter clockwise curve sprinting lower limb kinematics and kinetics of a Paralympic medalist with a left-sided knee exarticular amputation. Results reveal that vertical ground reaction force application and total vertical impulse were lower when the affected limb was at the inside of the curve. The unaffected limb showed joint mechanics different to those established for non-amputee athletes and might contribute better to propulsion when being the inside limb. Curve sprinting biomechanics and the ability to attain high radial velocities are directly dependent on the side of amputation relative to the curve direction in a unilateral amputee athlete of highest performance level.     

The influence of water depth on kinematic and spatiotemporal gait parameters during aquatic treadmill walking

The purpose of this study was to investigate kinematic and spatiotemporal variables of aquatic treadmill walking at three different water depths. A total of 15 healthy individuals completed three two-minute walking trials at three different water depths. The aquatic treadmill walking was conducted at waist-depth, chest-depth and neck-depth, while a customised 3-D underwater motion analysis system captured their walking. Each participant’s self-selected walking speed at the waist level was used as a reference speed, which was applied to the remaining two test conditions. A repeated measures ANOVA showed statistically significant differences among the three walking conditions in stride length, cadence, peak hip extension, hip range of motion (ROM), peak ankle plantar flexion and ankle ROM (All p values < 0.05). The participants walked with increased stride length and decreased cadence during neck level as compared to waist and chest level. They also showed increased ankle ROM and decreased hip ROM as the water depth rose from waist and chest to the neck level. However, our study found no significant difference between waist and chest level water in all variables. Hydrodynamics, such as buoyancy and drag force, in response to changes in water depths, can affect gait patterns during aquatic treadmill walking.