高校羽毛球运动员膝关节损伤的调查分析

通过文献资料法,问卷调查法,数理统计法等对江苏省18届运动会高校组羽毛球运动员膝关节损伤现状及原因进行深入调查分析,为同类研究提供理论依据。     

Effect of chainring ovality on joint power during cycling at different workloads and cadences

Non-circular chainrings theoretically enhance cycling performance by increasing effective chainring diameter and varying crank velocity, but research has failed to consistently reproduce the benefits in cycling trials. The aim of this study was (1) to investigate the effect of different chainring shapes on sagittal knee joint moment and sagittal lower limb joint powers and (2) to investigate whether alterations are affected by cadence and workload. Fourteen elite cyclists cycled in six conditions (70, 90 and 110 rpm, each at 180 and 300 W), for 2 min each, using three chainrings of different ovalities (1.0–1.215). Kinematic data and pedal forces were collected. For most conditions, only the chainring with the highest ovality (1.215) was characterised by smaller sagittal knee joint moments, smaller relative sagittal knee joint power contribution and larger relative sagittal hip joint power contribution, which suggests a change from maximising efficiency to maximising power production. Effect sizes increased with higher cadences, but not with higher workload. This study has application for athletes, clinicians and sports equipment industry as a non-circular chainring can change joint-specific power generation and decrease knee joint moment, but certain ovality seems to be necessary to provoke this effect.     

Comparison of support leg kinetics between side-step and cross-step cutting techniques

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in the support leg joint moment and moment power between side-step (SS) and cross-step (CS) cutting techniques with a prescribed 90° cutting angle. Ground reaction forces (1,000 Hz) and three-dimensional kinematics (250 Hz) of SS and CS cutting techniques were collected from 20 male college athletes. Normalised peak knee extension moment was larger in the SS technique than in the CS technique (0.40 ± 0.10 in SS; 0.26 ± 0.08 in CS). In the SS technique, the knee extensors ( ? 0.10 ± 0.06 in SS; ? 0.02 ± 0.04 in CS) and ankle plantarflexors ( ? 0.12 ± 0.05 in SS; ? 0.07 ± 0.03 in CS) did significantly more negative work (normalised). The direction change angle (40.5 ± 8.7° in SS; 33.0 ± 6.8° in CS) and the decrease in horizontal velocity of the centre of mass ( ? 0.63 ± 0.23 m/s in SS; ? 0.31 ± 0.23 m/s in CS) were significantly larger in the SS technique. These results suggest that the SS technique is an effective means of changing running direction at the expense of velocity of the centre of mass and that the CS technique is better for minimising the reduction in horizontal velocity of the centre of mass.     

等动测力及康复训练系统在运动员膝关节损伤后力量训练中的应用

研究利用等动测力及康复系统对膝关节损伤的女运动员进行等速向心训练。经过约8周的训练,患膝屈伸肌群的峰值力矩在不同测试速度下均有显著提高,但伸肌峰值力矩提高较屈肌快。此次研究表明等速向心训练对膝关节损伤后的肌肉功能恢复有一定的促进作用。     

我国高水平健美操运动员踝关节损伤的致因分析

对造成我国高水平健美操运动员踝关节损伤的原因进行调查与分析,目的是为了保证健美操运动训练能顺利的进行,在比赛中取得优异成绩,同时也为健美操训练与比赛在防止踝关节损伤的发生提供参考依据。     

男子跳远运动员膝关节肌等速向心收缩的肌力研究

利用cybex-770等速测试与康复系统,对17名一级男子跳远运动员起跳腿的膝关节进行了等速向心收缩测试。所测试的指标包括相对峰力矩、相对总功、相对平均功率、峰力矩屈伸比等,对这些指标进行综合分析,并且结合跳远运动项目下肢肌最大力量和爆发力的项目特点,为优秀运动员有针对性的力量训练提供参考依据。     

体育赛事与社会软环境改善的双赢策略

体育赛事具有社会公益性和商业性的双重特征。发展体育赛事,就必须既要以市场经济理念把握原有投资主体的公益行为转化为以盈利为目的的社会商业行为过程,又要重视体育这种特殊的文化现象的传播、影响、渗透的特点,使体育赛事不仅为满足人们的体育消费搭建广阔的市场平台;并且,通过体育所倡导的精神和各种实践活动的文化理念的渗透,达到影响、促进和提高国民综合素质、政务环境和社会环境,建立与社会可持续发展相一致的发展意识及和谐理念等多种目标,实现体育赛事与社会软环境改善的双赢。     

不同等级跳高运动员膝关节肌群离心收缩时肌力特征研究

分析比较不同级别男子跳高运动员膝关节屈伸肌群离心收缩时峰力矩特点及差异。在首都体育学院生物力学实验室,采用德国ISOMED2000等速测试仪,对8名一级男子跳高运动员和8名二级男子跳高运动员膝关节肌群进行等速离心收缩测试,测试角速度60°/s、120°/s、240°/s,指标包括峰值力矩、相对峰力矩(峰值力矩/体重)、峰值力矩屈伸比。研究结果:(1)一级跳高运动员起跳腿膝关节屈、伸肌峰力矩较二级跳高运动员有显著性差异(P<0.05);(2)平均功率随给定运动角速度的增大而增大(P<0.01);(3)离心收缩峰力矩随给定运动速度的增加无显著变化;(4)离心收缩膝关节屈伸肌群峰力矩比值为0.60～0.63之间。结论:跳高运动员膝关节肌群等速测试结果的差异是造成一、二级跳高运动员成绩差异的原因之一。     

论建筑物区分所有权

建筑物区分所有权是物权法中的一项重要制度,关涉到每个公民的切身利益。然而,我国目前对此尚无立法,学界观点亦不一致。文章从建筑物区分所有权概念的界定入手,分析了建筑物区分所有权包含的权利种类,并提出了针对我国社会及立法现实的建筑物区分所有权法的立法模式——“物权法加建筑物区分所有权法”。     

基于校企联合培养新机制的工程训练中心建设探索

根据实验教学与实践教育省级示范中心建设的最新要求,大力发展校内"中心"加校外"基地"的联合培养模式,积极探索工程训练中心新思路和新方向。以加强实践教学的研究性、创新性和实效性为目标,将现代装备制造工程训练中心建设成具有涵盖完整现代工业体系内容的工程训练实验教学基地。