从后现代知识观谈未来教师的角色转变

后现代主义思潮是20世纪末西方社会流行的一种哲学和社会思潮,其中自利奥塔所提出的后现代知识观后,知识的形式、性质、传递方式和价值都发生了前所未有的变化。这对旨在传递知识的教师提出了新的要求:未来教师应该放下传统的权威角色,成为学生学习知识的合作者、促进者、终身学习的先行者及课堂教学的设计者,以便更好地适应当代教育的发展。     

一种医疗诊断专家系统的设计与实现

针对目前公众自行购买非处方药治疗常见轻微疾病的过程中存在的问题,提出了开发基于Web的常见疾病自我诊断系统。该系统采用带有可信度的产生式规则表示法来表示常见病诊断知识,采用正反向混合推理模式,通过可信度的传递以及结论阈值的设定,实现了疾病诊断的数字化。经测试,系统诊断准确度达83%。本系统对完善常见病诊断方式、指导公众安全使用非处方药具有积极的作用。     

高职教育亟待解决的四个问题

进入21世纪,高职教育受到前所未有的重视。然而,作为一种新型的教育制度,它的教育理念、培养模式尚未最终形成。要发展高职教育,处理高职教育中的一系列问题,必须首先处理好四个方面的关系。     

结构性知识及其对科学教学的启示

文章介绍了结构性知识的理论基础、学习结构性知识的重要意义，最后结合具体教学内容介绍了基于结构性知识理论的初中科学教学策略。     

近期国内主要期刊关于生命关怀教育研究综述

生命在教育视野中的缺失，越来越受到人们的重视。这种缺失必然导致教育实践中的无视人的存在，无视人的生命。这些问题已引起人们的关注。生命在教育中突现出来。学者在这方面进行了大量的研究。本文对2004年有关生命关怀教育的文章进行综述，试分析生命关怀缺失的现状，及如何进行生命关怀教育。     

解读福柯：从“知识考古学”到“系谱学”

福柯的知识考古学和系谱学就其含义、基本思想有所不同 :知识考古学重深层结构、重知识 ,系谱学重表面细节、重权力。但二者并无性质差别 ,它们都试图从微观的角度重新考察社会历史 ,都试图打断历史连续性的巨大链条 ,倡导非连续性或断续性 ,非连续性或断续性是福柯思想的核心内容     

Characteristics of students who benefit from high-quality mathematics instruction

The present study examined characteristics of students who took advantage of the opportunity to learn Algebra II from a highly skilled teacher. In particular, student information was gathered concerning: (a) the amount of mathematics students knew prior to the class, (b) their motivation for learning mathematics, (c) the number and types of interactions they had with the teacher during class, (d) degree of self-regulation, and (e) general aptitude. A model for achievement was used that suggests both opportunity and propensity are important (i.e., students must be willing and able to take advantage of opportunity). Support for the model was found. Propensity to take advantage of a highly favorable opportunity accounted for almost sixty percent of the variance in achievement. In particular, students who were self-regulated, had strong mathematics backgrounds, and had low levels of frustration benefited more from high-quality instruction.     

高职学生个人知识管理初探

个人知识管理作为一种重要的知识管理技术和方法已应用于教育领域。从应对激烈社会竞争的角度，高职院校学生尤其需要加强个人知识管理。针对高职学生特点，应采取有效的知识管理方法，包括提高信息素养，注重隐性知识的显性化管理，有效利用个人知识管理工具，完善自身知识系统架构，构建个人知识管理的双模型结构。     

葛梯尔反例与实践确证的知识论

葛梯尔反例吹响了挑战知识的传统三元定义(JTB)的号角。现有的方案虽然提出了一些有意义的观点,但都未能完满解决葛梯尔问题。实践确证的知识论把"实践"纳入知识根据的范围,区分了主观根据与客观根据,厘清了信念与知识的根本区别,合理地回答了葛梯尔反例引发的一系列重大问题,为进一步研究认知逻辑打下了基础。     

The Relationship between Attitudes, Knowledge, and Demographic Variables of High School Teachers Regarding Food Irradiation

ABSTRACT:  The purpose of this study was to use a validated instrument to determine the attitudes and knowledge of high school teachers regarding food irradiation, and to determine the correlations among their knowledge and attitudes and certain demographic variables. Knowledge and attitudes about food irradiation were measured in selected high school family and consumer sciences teachers ( n = 121) who taught Food and Nutrition, Food Science and Technology, and/or Food Production Management and Services, via a 24-item instrument with 6 factors. Results revealed these teachers held neutral to positive attitudes about the safety of irradiated foods, their perception of the risk of foodborne illness, and learning about food irradiation, and neutral to negative perceptions of their understanding of food irradiation and their competence to teach about it. These teachers had a moderate knowledge base regarding food irradiation. Teachers' attitudes regarding the safety of food irradiation were positively correlated with their perceived understanding of food irradiation, actual knowledge of it, and competence to teach about it. Their perceived understanding of food irradiation was positively correlated with competence to teach about it, knowledge, and attitudes toward the safety of food irradiation. The only demographic variable correlated with knowledge or attitudes was teachers' previous food irradiation educational experiences. These data suggest the importance of education for family and consumer sciences teachers concerning food irradiation.