关于构建自主创新法的思考

制定专门的法律,促进和保障科技自主创新是一种国际性趋势。当前,中国构建自主创新法是必要的,也是可行的。构建自主创新法要明确其价值取向、基本原则,在此基础上制定自主创新法的基本内容。     

知识生态学研究的几种进路

文章主要通过文献分析、学科定位的方法来了解知识生态学的几种进路。通过分析知识生态学的理论来源,可以得到知识生态学是一门交叉学科,其母体学科是知识科学、生态科学以及交叉科学。在学科分析的基础上提出了知识科学进路、生态科学进路,以及交叉科学进路。可以看出,这些进路的主要关注点虽然不同,但对几个核心概念如知识环境、知识流动、知识网络都进行了解读。这些进路的研究发现知识生态学有着很广阔的发展和应用空间。     

基于协同标注的科研社区知识融合机制研究

网络科研社区是现代科学研究依托的新环境和新平台,是满足虚拟协同科研范式的必要条件。科研社区的本质是要为分布于网络各个终端节点的专家提供一个协同工作的环境,实现知识的共享与交流,最终激发学术灵感,促进知识的不断创新。文章试图通过引入知识因子的概念,在知识的提交、知识因子的抽取、关联和汇聚这4个阶段从微观层面分析知识融合的生物特性,进而根据网络社区成员协作的不同实现形式提出以促进专家知识创新为目标的基于协同标注的知识融合实现机制。     

基于社会网络分析的企业内部知识专家的识别

隐性知识的难以评价,使得企业内部知识网络中的关键人物不易识别。为了识别对企业内部知识传播起关键作用的员工,探讨利用社会网络分析中的点出度、特征向量、权力指数、中间度等指标识别知识传播网络中的知识专家。结合案例分析说明知识专家识别的过程和结果,并对各指标的特点和效果进行总结。     

知识管理学与相关学科的联系与区别

从学科定义、学科研究目标、学科研究方法和内容体系等方面着手,对知识管理学、知识学、知识社会学、知识工程学进行分析梳理,以期得出知识管理学与这些学科的联系与区别。     

知识管理的社会生态研究

提出知识管理社会生态概念,强调知识管理与社会生态环境相互协调和共生的关系,在此基础上,构建由社会个体、社会群落、社会网络和社会文化4个要素构成的知识管理社会生态模型,并探讨4要素的特点及相互关系。     

虚拟企业中组织间知识共享的动力机制新探

虚拟企业中组织间的知识共享有着自己的动力构成,在这个动力构成中,包含着三个动力要素:知识差的引发、利益的驱动和环境的激励。这三个动力要素分别存在于知识共享对象、知识共享主体和知识共享环境中,它们之间彼此联系,相互作用,形成了一个统一的动力机制,由此推动着虚拟企业组织间知识共享的运行。     

基于知识更新的企业合作演化博弈分析

运用演化博弈论的方法,建立企业间合作演化博弈模型,研究知识更新对企业合作策略选择的影响。模型分析表明,企业均选择合作策略的概率与知识更新的收益系数及相互间的信任水平正相关,与知识更新的合作成本系数和风险系数负相关。在此基础上,提出了激励企业通过知识网络开展合作的策略建议。     

The impact of academic patenting on university research and its transfer

This paper contributes to the ongoing debate on the impact of academic patenting on publishing and knowledge transfer. Drawing upon two separate surveys of academics, and their CV information, we provide empirical evidence for UK academics in engineering and physical sciences. The contribution of this paper is two-fold. First, our findings show that (the intensity of) academic patenting complements publishing up to a certain level of patenting output, after which we find evidence of a substitution effect. We also find weak evidence of important differences across scientific fields with the more basic-oriented fields showing indications of a crowding-out effect. Second, our analysis of the potential impact of patenting on knowledge transfer shows a positive correlation between the stock of patents and engagement in knowledge transfer channels. However, we find that a substitution effect sets in, indicating an inverted U-shaped relationship between patenting and several knowledge transfer channels.     

When ‘national innovation system’ meet ‘varieties of capitalism’ arguments on labour qualifications: On the skill types and scientific knowledge needed for radical and incremental product innovations

The literatures on ‘varieties of capitalism’ (VoC) and ‘national innovation systems’ (NIS) propose very similar arguments about how firms require different types of labour qualifications to pursue strategies of radical product innovation (RPI), incremental product innovation (IPI), and product imitation (PI) respectively. Despite their similar lines of reasoning, however, the VoC scholars are concerned with the skill profiles of a firm's entire workforce, whereas the NIS proponents focus on the knowledge base of scientists. Given that both literatures have developed without explicitly taking the arguments of the neighbouring discipline into account, it is thus unclear whether they explain the same, or different, phenomena. Furthermore, both literatures propose firm level arguments but test them on the basis of macro- rather than micro-level indicators. This paper therefore asks: first, does micro-level evidence support the VoC and NIS arguments that particular types of employee skills and knowledge backgrounds of scientists are needed for different competitive strategies? And, if so, do RPI, IPI, and PI firms need to employ scientists in combination with a workforce having the respective qualifications, or is it sufficient if scientists or employees alone are adequately qualified. Quantitative analyses indicate that a particular mix of scientific knowledge combined with employee skills facilitate RPI, IPI, and PI strategies. The article thus concludes that - despite their similar reasoning - the VoC and the NIS literatures indeed describe different phenomena, without being aware of the synergies created whenever adequate employee and scientific qualifications are hired together.